Lesson 4 Keywords Flashcards
(22 cards)
Marx’s term for the workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by their assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product. This leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; also used in the general sense of not feeling a part of something.
alienation
a leader who leads by giving orders
authoritarian leader
a formal organization with a hierarchy of authority; a clear division of labor with emphasis on written rules, communications, and records. Impersonality of positions
bureaucracy
a cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another; an internal faction
clique
orientations that characterize corporate work settings
corporate culture
a leader who leads by trying to reach a consensus
democratic leader
individuals who regularly interact with one another on the Internet and who think of themselves as belonging together
electronic community
an individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group; also known as a socioemotional leader
expressive leader
people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group
group
the ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
group dynamics
Irving Janis’s term for a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer. In groupthink, to suggest alternatives (dissent) becomes a sign of disloyalty.
groupthink
groups toward which one feels loyalty
in-groups
an individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals; also known as a task-oriented leader
instrumental leader
an individual who leads by being highly permissive
laissez-faire leader
someone who influences other people
leader
ways in which people express their leadership
leadership styles
groups toward which one feels antagonism
out-groups
a group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation
primary group
Herbert Hyman’s term for a group that people use as standards to evaluate themselves
reference group
compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity whose members are likely to interact on the basis of specific roles
secondary group
the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together
social network
a group made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest. Also known as voluntary memberships
voluntary association
