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NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations > Lesson 10 - Sleep > Flashcards

Lesson 10 - Sleep Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Sleep

A

a universal, dynamic, highly organized, physiological, behavioural state required to maintain health and well-being

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2
Q

What 3 processes is sleep controlled by?

A

ultradian, homeostatic, circadian

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3
Q

Ultraradian Process

A

-occurs within the sleep state
-characterized by alternating NREM and REM

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4
Q

Homeostatic Process (process S)

A

sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

Circadian Process (process C)

A

maintaining wakefulness

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6
Q

Why are people sleeping less on average?

A

-stress
-lights
-heavier workload

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7
Q

How does sleep loss affect someone on the short term?

A

-alters mood
-decreased ability to concentrate, make decisions, participate ADLs

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8
Q

Rest

A

-eliminating stressors
-is not the same as sleep

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9
Q

What does rest contribute to?

A

-mental relaxation
-decreased anxiety

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10
Q

What factors other than hormone release contribute to sleep?

A

-light
-medications
-caffeine
-pain
-stress
-shift work

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11
Q

Physiological Effect of Sleep

A

-reduced heart rate
-reduced bloop pressure
-reduced respiratory rate
-decreased oxygen consumption
-lowered temperature

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12
Q

Will vital signs still be in normal range during sleep?

A

yes

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13
Q

What is the physiological purpose of sleep?

A

-improve memory
-daytime alterness
-processing of stored information
-stable mood and emotions
-better stress management
-improved social functioning
-decreased muscle tone
-decreased urination and hormone secretion
-cell and tissue repair
-brain tissue restoration
-improved immune and renal function

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14
Q

Reticular Activation System (RAS)

A

-affects wakefulness and sleep
-wake transitions

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15
Q

Which region causes sleep?

A

the Bulbar synchronizing region

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16
Q

Adenosine

A

-a by-product of energy consumption
-builds up in the blood when awake
-body breaks it down during sleep

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17
Q

Melatonin

A

-a natural hormone that causes drowsiness

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18
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

-a 24 hour circadian rhythm that regulates wakefulness

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19
Q

What factors influence circadian rhythms?

A

-light
-temperature
-social activities
-work routines

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20
Q

Biological Clock

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A

-unique to the individual
-synchronizes sleep-wake cycles
-affects optimal time of day

21
Q

Stage 1 Sleep: NREM

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A

-light and drowsy
-lightest level of sleep
-2-5% of sleep time
-unresponsive but easily aroused
-muscle tone present

22
Q

Stage 2 Sleep: NREM

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A

-sound sleep
-most time spent here (45-55%)
-muscle tone still present

23
Q

Stage 3 Sleep: NREM

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A

-deepest sleep
-10% of time
-relaxed muscles

24
Q

REM Sleep

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A

-dreams
-25% of sleep
-phase at the end of each sleep cycle
-loss of muscle tone
-increased gastric secretions

25
What are parasomnias and when do they occur?
-sleepwalking, bedwetting, night terrors -during stage 3
26
Where is more time spent in sleep when missed sleep has occured?
stage 3
27
How many sleep cycles occur?
-4-5 that last 90-120 mins each
28
Where do newborns and children spend the most time sleeping?
stage 3 NREM
29
How much sleep do neonates need (birth to 30 days)?
16 hours
30
How much sleep do infants need (1-12 months)?
12-14 hours
31
What is important to remember for sleeping babies?
-no sleeping on stomach, no pillows, or blankets -suffocation risk
32
How many hours of sleep do toddlers need?
12-14 hours
33
How many hours of sleep do preschoolers need?
13 hours
34
How many hours of sleep do school-aged children need?
9-10
35
How many hours of sleep do adolescents need?
varies
36
How many hours of sleep do young adults need?
6-8.5 hours
37
How many hours of sleep do middle aged/older adults need?
6-8
38
Why do adults get/need less sleep?
-stress -having to wake often -anxiety -insomnia
39
Nocturia
urination during the night
40
Insomnia
report problems falling asleep and staying asleep
41
Sleep Apnea
people stop breathing for a period of at least 10 seconds when asleep
42
Narcolepsy
complex neurological sleep disorder, feels overwhelming sleep level and falls asleep
43
Cataplexy
-sudden loss of muscle tone associated with narcolepsy
44
Hypersomnia
-excessive prolonged sleepiness or difficulty waking
45
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
-most common sleep disorder -prolonged interruption of airflow -breathing stops while making
46
OSA Risk Factors
-obesity -smoking -alcohol consumption -ethnicity
47
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
-manages OSA -provides constant high pressure air flow and keeps airway constantly open
48
Treatments for Sleep Apnea
-weight loss -stop smoking -sleep positioning -dental devices -implanted nerve stimulator

NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations (11 decks)

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