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NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations > Lesson 5 - Elimination > Flashcards

Lesson 5 - Elimination Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Micturition

A

-urination

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2
Q

Proteinuria

A

-presence of proteins in the urine

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3
Q

Hematuria

A

-presence of blood in the urine

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4
Q

Normal Urine Production

A

-1-2L per day

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5
Q

Indication of Renal Alterations

A

-less than 30mL per day of urine output

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6
Q

Psychological Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination

A

-anxiety and stress increases frequency

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7
Q

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination

A

-culture, gender, religious practices
-SDOH may influence ability to seek help for chronic conditions
-female circumcision

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8
Q

Fluid Balance (Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination)

A

-conc. of fluids, solutes, electrolytes can cause an increase in production
-caffeine increases
-alcohol increases ADH release increasing production

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9
Q

Diuresis

A

-increased urine formation

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10
Q

Diuretics

A

-increase urine output
-prevent reabsorption

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11
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

-women are more susceptible
-a common nosocomial infection

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12
Q

Hydration

A

-ideally 1.5-2L/ day fluid intake

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13
Q

Typical Infant Urine Output

A

-500mL per day

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14
Q

Children and Continence

A

-gain control of urination between 1-3 years of age
-most kids wet the bed until age 5

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15
Q

Factors that Affect Urination

A

-bladder problems
-kidney disease
-cancer
-kidney stones
-enlarged prostate
-tumors
-dehydration (fluid intake, diarrhea, vomiting)
-diabetes
-medications
-bladder or kidney removal
-surgery complications

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16
Q

Pelvic Surgeries

A

-can cause selling and block the flow of urine

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17
Q

Neurological Urination Factors

A

-impaired neuromuscular function
-damage to spinal cord
-impaired neurological function

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18
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

-any involuntary loss of urine

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19
Q

Transient Urinary Incontinence

A

-urine loss resulting from causes outside of or affecting the urinary system
-resolves when underlying causes are treated
-DEISAPPEAR (causes)

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20
Q

DISAPPEAR

A

-delirium
-intake of fluids
-stool impaction
-atrophic vaginitis
-psychological problems
-pharmaceuticals
-excess urine output
-abnormal lab values
-restricted mobility

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21
Q

Urgency UI

A

-urine loss associated with sudden and urgent need to void
-can be overactive bladder syndrome

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22
Q

Stress UI

A

-urine loss resulting from increased intra-abdominal pressure

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23
Q

Mixed UI

A

-urine loss that has features of both stress and urge incontinence

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24
Q

Functional UI

A

-urine loss due to inability to reach the toilet

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25
Multifactorial UI
-urine loss due to multiple factors
26
Catheters
27
Nocturia
-bothersome lower UT symptom -waking from sleep 1+ times to void
28
Urinary Retention
-the marked accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the ability to empty
29
Urinary Diversion
-creation of an alternate pathway for urine elimination -temporary or permanent
30
Dialysis
-used to filter blood if renal cells are lost/damaged -hemodialysis uses a machine equipped with semipermeable filtering membrane
31
Women and UTIs
-women are more at risk due to a shorter urethra
32
____ UTIs are more dangerous than _______
Upper; lower
33
CAUTI
-catheter-associated UTI -common nosocomial UTI -serious implications
34
Urinary Diagnostic Testing
-urinalysis -urine culture -24 hr urine specimen -pelvic ultrasound -cytoscopy
35
Polyuria
-excess urine production at night
36
Oliguria
-diminished urinary output relative to intake
37
Elevated Postvoid Residuals
-increased amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a void -increased susceptibility to a UTI
38
Urinary Assessment
-gather health history of urination patterns -physical assessment -assess urine -assess perception of urinary problems -gather lab test data -fluid intake -burning -change in colour/odour -incontinence
39
Urination Nursing Interventions
-bedpan -commode -portable urinal -brief -condom catheter -bladder irrigation
40
Urination Health Promotion
-hydration -voiding frequently -proper perineum after voiding -perineal hygiene -kegel exercises
41
Fibre
-decreases constipation
42
Fat and Grease
-can cause diarrhea
43
Physical Activity
-encourages peristalsis
44
Medications and BM
-can cause constipation (narcotics and iron supplements) -can cause diarrhea (antibiotics, gout medications)
45
Laxatives and Enemas
-help with BM -dependency can result with prolonged use
46
Surgery and Anesthesia BM
-can reduce peristalsis -gas pains -constipation
47
Constipation
-diet -stress -surgery -medications
48
Bowel Impaction
-occurs when constipation does not resolve -may require enema or distal disimpaction
49
Diarrhea
-medications -food -stress -infection -can cause electrolyte imbalance = heart rhythm abnormalities
50
Infections that Affect BM
-C. diff -E. coli -Norwalk virus -VRE
51
Hemorrhoids
-swollen veins around the anus and rectum
52
Anal Fissure
-tear in the inside lining of the anus
53
Excoriation
-cut, abraised, scraped skin
54
Are you passing gas?
-very important question -indicated functioning GI tract -decreased with lowered mobility, surgery, anesthetics
55
Subjective BM Assessment
-elimination patterns -cramping -problems passing gas -stool continence -colour -consistency -size -blood in stool -frequency
56
Objective BM Assessment
-bowel sounds -abdominal assessment -smell -blood -colour -mucous -pus -foreign objects
57
Bristol Stool Chart
-chart that identifies shape and consistency of stool
58
BM Nursing Interventions
-toilet -bedpan -commode -incontinence management (briefs, rectal tube) -laxative -suppository -enema -digital disimpaction
59
Ostomy
-bowel drainage through the abdomen -can be temporary to allow healing -can be permanent due to bowel damage
60
Illeosomy
-small bowel brought to skin surface
61
Colostomy
-large bowel brought to skin surface -can be ascending, descending, transverse, sigmoid
62
Stoma
-where the intestine is surgically brought to the abdominal wall for bowel elimination
63
Nurse Responsibilities with Ostomy
-assess skin around stoma -stoma should be bright red/pink and moist -assess ostomy bag contents -assist with emptying and changing bag
64
BM Health Promotion Considerations
-hydration -fibre intake -hand hygiene -stool regularity -cleaning of perineum -kegel exercises
65
Valsalva Manoeuvre
-pressure exerted by contracting abdomen and diaphragm and closed airway -should be avoided by patients with heart disease
66

NURS 175 - Nursing Practice Foundations (11 decks)

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