Lesson 1 - Infection Control

Question 1

Chain of Infection

Answer 1

-the cyclic loop that involves spreading infection
-6 parts to the chain of infection

Question 2

Goal of Infection

Answer 2

break the chain

Question 3

1/6: Infectious Agents

Answer 3

-pathogens that produces diseases
-the pathogen enters a susceptible host and survives

Question 4

2/6: Reservoir

Answer 4

-where pathogens survive and multiply
-needs: right temperature, pH, light
-examples of reservoirs: animals, food, poop, people, surfaces

Question 5

3/6: Portals of Exit (from reservoir)

Answer 5

-places on reservoir where the pathogen can exit
-must asses portals of exit beforehand
-ie. eyes, nose, vagina, anus, mouth, broken skin, etc.

Question 6

4/6: Vehicle

Answer 6

-mode of transmission through a non-living object
-washing hands most important in preventing
-ie E. coli in feces

Question 7

Direct Contact

Answer 7

-with an infected or colonized patient
-ie C. diff or MRSA

Question 8

Indirect Contact

Answer 8

via an object

Question 9

Droplets

Answer 9

-large droplets produced by coughing or sneezing
-ie influenza, rubella

Question 10

Airborne

Answer 10

-smaller droplets suspended in the air
-ie measles, chicken poz

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

-method of transportation via a living thing
-ie mosquitoes, rabies

Question 12

5/6: Portals of Entry

Answer 12

-places where microorganisms enter another person after exiting the reservoir
-ie broken skin, mouth, vagina, nose, eye, insect bite

Question 13

6/6: Susceptible Host

Answer 13

-place where the pathogen can survive and eventually pass on to the next person
-some people are more susceptible: babies, malnourished/stressed people, elderly people, cancer patients

Question 14

Factors infection depends on

Answer 14

-virulence of microorganisms
-resistance of the host

Question 15

Localized Infection

Answer 15

-infection that affects only one body part or organ

Question 16

Systemic Infection

Answer 16

-infection in the bloodstream that spreads to the entire body

Question 17

Controlling Infectious Agents

Answer 17

-washing hands
-PPE
-sterile equipment
-isolation
-antibiotics/antivirals

Question 18

Asepsis

Answer 18

absence of virus, bacteria, microorganisms

Question 19

Medical Asepsis

Answer 19

-reduces organisms on surface
-gloves, routine cleaning, hand washing, clean stethoscope, bedpan, furniture

Question 20

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 20

-eliminates organisms
-sterile techniques (year 2)

Question 21

Managing Portals of Exit

Answer 21

-tissues
-wound care/bandage disposal
-hand washing
-covering cough

Question 22

When to wash hands

Answer 22

-before and after each patient
-when hands are visibly soiled
-before touching equipment (ie. in supply closet)
-after body fluid exposure
-before aseptic procedure
-after touching patient surroundings

Question 23

Gloves

Answer 23

-prevention of contact between body fluids and wounds

Question 24

Gown

Answer 24

-prevent stuff going on uniform

Question 25

Mask

Answer 25

-prevent airborne droplets -isolation patients

Question 26

Face Shield

Answer 26

-prevent splashing

Question 27

Protecting Susceptible Host

Answer 27

-skin hygiene (lotion, bathing) -oral hygiene (clean mouth, denture care) -linens (not folded, prevent ulcers) -immunizations

Question 28

Contact Precautions (green poster)

Answer 28

-microorganisms spread by direct contact -gown and gloves -ie C. diff, MRSA (wound), staph infection -when any body fluid exposure is possible

Question 29

Droplet Precautions (orange poster)

Answer 29

-microorganisms spread by droplets during sneezing, coughing, talking -mask and eye protection -ie mumps, MRSA (nares)

Question 30

Contact and Droplet Precautions (yellow poster)

Answer 30

-microorganisms spread by droplets during sneezing, coughing, talking -mask, gloves, eyewear, gown -ie influenza, mumps, MRSA (nares)

Question 31

Airborne Precautions (blue poster)

Answer 31

-microorganisms are airborne droplets suspended in air during sneezing, coughing, talking -N95 mask -ie TB, measles -isolation precautions

Question 32

Isolation

Answer 32

-single room with negative air pressure, door closed, dedicated equipment

Question 33

Airborne and Contact Precautions (purple poster)

Answer 33

-microorganisms are airborne droplets that are suspended in air during coughing and sneezing that settle on surfaces -ie shingles, chicken pox -isolation precautions

Question 34

Caring For Isolation Patients

Answer 34

-assess risk/infection reason: age, stress, nutritional state, illness, known microorganisms, chain of infection (how did they get it?) -communicate with patient/family openly and often -consider health literacy -assess emotional state -assess understanding of isolation precautions

Question 35

Community Acquired Infection

Answer 35

-infections contracted outside of the hospital

Question 36

Nosocomial Infection

Answer 36

-acquired during receiving health care