Lesson 13 (Part 3)

Question 1

What are 3 anomalies related to ascent of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. Ectopia
2. Crossed renal ectopia
3. Horseshoe kidney

Question 2

Ascent

Answer 2

Where is starts

Question 3

Ectopia

Answer 3

Kidney is not located in the normal position

Question 4

Where can ectopia of the be located? (2)

Answer 4

1. Pelvis
2. Thorax

• not within the renal fossae

Question 5

What symptoms come with ectopia?

Answer 5

No symptoms

Question 6

What do 50% of kidneys with ectopic have?

Answer 6

Reduced renal function

Question 7

What are 3 possible complications with ectopia?

Answer 7

1. Infection
2. Stones
3. Blunt trauma

Question 8

Crossed renal ectopia

Answer 8

Displacement of one kidney to the opposite side

Question 9

What are 2 forms of crossed renal ectopia?

Answer 9

1. Fused

2. Lying on one side without fusion

Question 10

What percentage of fused crossed renal ectopia can happen?

Answer 10

85-90%

Question 11

What is more common in crossed renal ectopia?

Answer 11

The left kidney going to the right

Question 12

What type of crossed renal ectopia is more common?

Answer 12

Fused

Question 13

What does horseshoe kidney do?

Answer 13

It fused lower poles at midline

Question 14

What are the symptoms of horseshoe kidney? (4)

Answer 14

1. Abdominal pain
2. Nausea
3. Stones
4. Urinary tract infections
   - UTI

Question 15

What are likely to appear in horseshoe kidneys?

Answer 15

Cancerous tumours

Question 16

Where are horseshoes kidneys located on ultrasound?

Answer 16

At a lower level than normal

Question 17

What does horseshoe kidneys do?

Answer 17

Bridge of renal tissue (isthmus)

- connects 2 kidneys

Question 18

When is treatment necessary for horseshoe kindeys?

Answer 18

If symptoms occur you may need surgery

- not necessary if no symptoms are showing

Question 19

What are 6 anomalies related to the ureteral bud?

Answer 19

1. Renal agenesis
2. Supernumerary kidney
3. Duplex collecting system and ureterocele
4. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
5. Congenital megacalices
6. Congenital megaureter

Question 20

Renal agenesis

Answer 20

Failure of formation of a kidney

- unilateral or bilateral

Question 21

What are 3 causes of renal agenesis?

Answer 21

1. Absence of metanephrogenic blastema
2. Absence of ureteral bud development
3. Absence of interaction and penetration of the ureteral buds with metanephrogenic blastema

Question 22

What do you except to see with renal agenesis?

Answer 22

Nothing will be there, so you would just see liver

Question 23

Supernumerary kidney

Answer 23

Extra small kidney

Question 24

How common is supernumerary kidney?

Answer 24

Its rare

Question 25

Where is the location of the supernumerary kidney?

Answer 25

Above, below, in front or behind the normal kidney | - can be functioning

Question 26

What are symptoms of supernumerary kidney? (4)

Answer 26

1. Pain 2. Fever 3. Hypertension 4. Palpable abdominal mass

Question 27

Hyper tension

Answer 27

Increase blood pressure

Question 28

What are the types of duplex system? (4)

Answer 28

1. Complete 2. Incomplete 3. Unilateral - one side you have 2 ureters to the bladder 4. Bilateral - both sides you have 2 ureters to the bladder

Question 29

Urecterocele

Answer 29

A congenital abnormality found in the distal ureter

Question 30

What happens to the distal ureter in urecterocele?

Answer 30

It balloons at the UVJ forming a sac like pouch

Question 31

What is urecterocele associated with?

Answer 31

A duplicated collection system

Question 32

What are 2 complications for duplex system?

Answer 32

1. Ureteral obstruction | 2. Recurrent or persist urinary tract infections

Question 33

What is a treatment for duplex systems?

Answer 33

Surgery

Question 34

How is ureterocele treated?

Answer 34

After emptying the bladder it collapses

Question 35

Why does duplex systems have a higher chance of complications?

Answer 35

Because there is two of them

Question 36

UPJ obstruction

Answer 36

Obstruction at the superior aspect of the kidney