Lesson 2

Question 1

has played a vital role in enhancing
globalization as it linked societies closer, with the exchange of ideas, culture, and multiple information.

Answer 1

International mass media

Question 2

International mass media has managed to do so with the help of ________.

Answer 2

capitalism

Question 3

constitutes a debate on whether mass
media has been pluralistic and neutral in facilitating the flow of ideas, or has it been an instrument for the domination of
western culture.

Answer 3

process of globalization of culture

Question 4

One of the fuels, consequences, and manifestations of globalization is the ____________ from one geographical area
to another.

Answer 4

flow of culture

Question 5

refers to humans’ way of life – how we present ourselves, what are the choices we make and how, how we relate with one another, how we pursue our aspirations.

Answer 5

Culture in a simpler terms

Question 6

are articulated in symbols or illustrations that convey meanings.

It is also manifested in language or a system of symbols that enable members of a society to communicate with one another.

It is observed in our values (what we deem good, desirable, and important), beliefs (what we deem true), and practices (how we do things).

Most importantly it is enshrined in our norms (rules, roles, and expectations that we have and others have relative to our membership in a society).

Answer 6

Culture

Question 7

We learn culture from our homes and our communities through direct instruction from our parents or through observations and participations in community affair

Answer 7

Cultural socialization

Question 8

When we go out and interact with people from other groups, we experience a different culture

Answer 8

Cultural exchange

Question 9

One tendency is for us to interpret the other culture using our ___________ and negotiate which aspect of this culture align with ours.

Answer 9

own frame of mind

Question 10

the process through which individuals or groups from one culture come into contact with and adopt practices, values, and customs from another culture. This often happens in the context of immigration, colonization, or globalization.

Answer 10

Acculturation

Question 11

refers to the process of making adjustments or adaptations to accommodate the needs or preferences of individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds.

Answer 11

Accommodation

Question 12

The rise of K-pop around the world
has led to the blending of Korean and Western music styles, fashion, and dance, with fans from diverse cultures adopting
elements of Korean culture.

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Answer 12

Acculturation

Question 13

Providing interpretation services in healthcare settings, legal proceedings, and educational institutions to facilitate communication between individuals who speak different languages.

Answer 13

Language Interpretation Services (Accommodation)

Question 14

Providing training to employees in diverse workplaces to raise awareness about cultural differences and promote respectful interactions.

Answer 14

Cultural Sensitivity Training (Accommodation)

Question 15

refers to the process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural norms, values, and practices of the dominant or host culture, often at the expense of their own cultural identity.

Answer 15

Assimilation

Question 16

Immigrants may adapt their social behaviors and norms to conform to those of the dominant culture. This could include changes in clothing styles, social interactions, and recreational activities.

Answer 16

Social Assimilation (Assimilation)

Question 17

Immigrants to a new country may gradually adopt the dominant
language of that country, such as immigrants to the United States learning English as their primary language.

Answer 17

Language Assimilation (Assimilation)

Question 18

refer to the diverse and interconnected forms of media content, communication, and expressions that transcend national boundaries and reach audiences worldwide. With the advent of advanced communication technologies and the internet, media content can now easily circulate across the globe, allowing people from different cultures and societies to access and engage with a wide array of media products.

Answer 18

Global media cultures

Question 19

Key characteristics of global media cultures include:

Answer 19

Media Convergence
Cultural Exchange
Homogenization and Heterogenization
Influence on Identities
Language and Translation
Transnational Media Companies
Media Activism and Social Movements
Global Media Events
Challenges of Cultural Imperialism
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations

Question 20

Global media cultures result from the convergence of different media platforms and technologies, such as television, radio, print, film, and the internet. This convergence enables the seamless flow of media content across various devices and facilitates the global distribution of media products.

Answer 20

Media Convergence:

Question 21

Global media cultures foster cultural
exchange by introducing audiences to content and perspectives
from diverse cultures and societies. This exposure to different
cultural expressions can lead to a broader understanding and
appreciation of the world’s cultural richness.

Answer 21

Cultural Exchange

Question 22

On one hand, global media cultures can lead to the homogenization of certain cultural elements as popular media products and trends become widespread across the globe. On the other hand, they can also promote heterogenization, allowing local cultures to resist and reinterpret global influences, leading to hybrid cultural expressions.

Answer 22

Homogenization and Heterogenization

Question 23

Exposure to global media cultures can shape individual and collective identities. Audiences may integrate elements from various media sources into their identities, leading to the formation of transnational or cosmopolitan identities.

Answer 23

Influence on Identities

Question 24

Global media cultures often require translation and localization to make content accessible to diverse linguistic audiences. Subtitles, dubbing, or adaptation of content are common practices to bridge language barriers.

Answer 24

Language and Translation

Question 25

Large transnational media corporations play a significant role in shaping global media cultures by producing and distributing content that reaches audiences worldwide. These companies often tailor their content to appeal to international audiences while balancing cultural sensitivities.

Answer 25

Transnational Media Companies

Question 26

Global media cultures facilitate the spread of social and political movements. Activists and advocates can leverage digital platforms to reach a global audience and mobilize support for their causes.

Answer 26

Media Activism and Social Movements

Question 27

Events like the Olympic Games, World Cup, and major entertainment awards ceremonies have become global media spectacles, drawing massive international audiences and promoting a sense of global community.

Answer 27

Global Media Events

Question 28

The dominance of certain media cultures from powerful nations can raise concerns about cultural imperialism, where the values and norms of one culture are imposed on others, potentially leading to the erosion of local cultures.

Answer 28

Challenges of Cultural Imperialism

Question 29

The global nature of media requires careful consideration of ethical practices and regulatory frameworks to address issues like misinformation, privacy concerns, and cultural sensitivity.

Answer 29

Ethical and Regulatory Considerations

Question 30

play a significant role in shaping how people consume and participate in media content on a global scale. They have the potential to promote cultural exchange, mutual understanding, and interconnectedness among diverse populations. However, they also raise important questions about cultural representation, power dynamics, and the preservation of local identities in an increasingly interconnected world.

Answer 30

Global media cultures

Question 31

refer to the movement of ideas, values, practices, and artifacts across geographical, social, and political boundaries. These flows can occur through various channels, including trade, migration, technology, media, and globalization.

Answer 31

Cultural Flows

Question 32

Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable the instant dissemination of cultural content, trends, and ideas across borders, allowing individuals to connect with others from different cultural backgrounds.

Answer 32

Social Media and Global Connectivity (Cultural Flows)

Question 33

American films and television shows have a significant global reach, shaping perceptions, lifestyles, and consumer preferences worldwide.

Answer 33

Hollywood and Global Film Industry (Cultural Flows)

Question 34

also known as cultural relativism or cultural pluralism, is an approach or perspective that recognizes and respects the diversity of cultures and believes that each culture should be understood and evaluated in its own context, without imposing one's own cultural norms, values, or standards. This concept asserts that no culture is inherently superior or inferior to others, and that each culture has its unique way of life, beliefs, traditions, and practices that are meaningful within its historical and social context.

Answer 34

Cultural differentialism

Question 35

Respecting cultural norms regarding dress, behavior, and social interaction. For instance, understanding that norms of personal space, eye contact, and physical contact may differ across cultures.

Answer 35

Social Norms and Etiquette (Cultural differentialism)

Question 36

Recognizing that gestures, facial expressions, and body language can have different meanings and interpretations in different cultural contexts.

Answer 36

Social Norms and Etiquette (Cultural differentialism)

Question 37

Key characteristics of cultural differentialism include:

Answer 37

Respect for Cultural Diversity Avoiding Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism Preservation of Cultural Identity Cross-Cultural Understanding Tolerance and Inclusivity Challenges Power Imbalances Promoting Human Rights

Question 38

Cultural differentialism advocates for respecting and valuing the diversity of human cultures. It recognizes that cultural practices, beliefs, and values are shaped by historical, geographical, and social contexts and should not be judged solely through the lens of one's own cultural perspective.

Answer 38

Respect for Cultural Diversity

Question 39

the tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others.

Answer 39

Ethnocentrism

Question 40

Cultural differentialism encourages individuals to be aware of their own cultural biases and to avoid making judgments about other cultures based on their own cultural norms.

Answer 40

Avoiding Ethnocentrism

Question 41

Cultural differentialism embraces the idea of ____________, which posits that each culture's practices and beliefs should be understood and evaluated within the framework of that culture, rather than applying universal or absolute standards.

Answer 41

cultural relativism

Question 42

Cultural differentialism promotes the ____________, languages, and traditions, especially in the face of globalization and cultural homogenization.

Answer 42

preservation and protection of unique cultural identities

Question 43

Emphasizing _______________ and dialogue, cultural differentialism encourages people to learn from and engage with different cultures, fostering mutual respect and appreciation.

Answer 43

cross-cultural understanding

Question 44

By acknowledging and respecting cultural diversity, cultural differentialism fosters an environment of _______________, where people from different backgrounds can coexist harmoniously.

Answer 44

tolerance and inclusivity

Question 45

Cultural differentialism challenges ____________ and colonial legacies that historically led to the marginalization and erasure of certain cultures and their contributions.

Answer 45

power imbalances

Question 46

Cultural differentialism recognizes the importance of ___________ and acknowledges that some cultural practices may violate universal human rights principles. It seeks to find a balance between respecting cultural diversity and upholding fundamental human rights.

Answer 46

human rights

Question 47

the sum of the processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system.

Answer 47

Cultural imperialism

Question 48

The concepts of _____________________ have minor differences but most of the international communication literature considers the latter as a category of the former.

Answer 48

“cultural imperialism” and “ media imperialism”

Question 49

defined by Boyd-Barret the process whereby the ownership, distribution or content of the media in any one country are singly or together are subject to substantial external proportionate reciprocation of influence by the country so affected.

Answer 49

Media imperialism

Question 50

refers to the process by which local cultures become similar or even identical to one another due to the influence of global media, resulting in the reduction of cultural diversity. This often occurs through the widespread dissemination of Western culture and values, particularly from the United States.

Answer 50

Cultural homogenization

Question 51

refers to the process by which global media facilitates the preservation, adaptation, and blending of local cultures, resulting in increased cultural diversity and the creation of unique cultural expressions.

Answer 51

Cultural heterogenization

Question 52

ongoing processes in the global media landscape.

Answer 52

Cultural homogenization and heterogenization

Question 53

While _______________ can lead to the erosion of local cultures and the dominance of Western norms, _______________ fosters cultural diversity and the adaptation of global influences into unique, localized expressions.

Answer 53

homogenization heterogenization