Lesson 3

Question 1

have been diversely defined, both academically, by theorists in the field of social science, and subjectively by people who engage in it.

Answer 1

Religions

Question 2

a unified system of beliefs and practice related to faith, the sacred, higher moral values.

Answer 2

Religion

Question 3

refers to the process by which ideas, beliefs, and practices spread across the world, facilitated by advancements in communication, transportation, and trade. Religion, as a key aspect of culture, has been significantly influenced by globalization.

Answer 3

Globalization

Question 4

refers to the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions are becoming increasingly interconnected and influential on a global scale. As globalization facilitates greater communication, migration, and cultural exchange across borders, religious ideas and traditions are spreading beyond their places of origin and impacting diverse societies worldwide.

Answer 4

The globalization of religion

Question 5

CONCEPT OF RELIGION

Answer 5

A. Spiritual Sense
B. Material Sense

Question 6

refers to the aspect of human experience that involves a connection to something greater than oneself, which can involve a search for meaning in life, a sense of interconnectedness, or a relationship with the divine or sacred.

Answer 6

Spirituality

Question 7

Examples of Spiritual Practices:

Answer 7

1.Meditation and Mindfulness
2. Prayer
3. Yoga
4. Pilgrimage

Question 8

Techniques aimed at focusing the mind and achieving a state of calm and clarity, often used in Buddhism and other spiritual traditions.

Answer 8

Meditation and Mindfulness

Question 9

Communicating with a higher power, common in many religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.

Answer 9

Prayer

Question 10

A physical, mental, and spiritual practice rooted in Hinduism, aimed at achieving harmony and balance.

Answer 10

Yoga

Question 11

Traveling to sacred sites for spiritual growth and reflection, such as the Hajj in Islam or the Camino de Santiago in Christianity.

Answer 11

Pilgrimage

Question 12

refers to the focus on physical and tangible aspects of life, often prioritizing economic, bodily, and worldly needs and desires.

Answer 12

Materialism or the material sense

Question 13

Characteristics of Materialism:

Answer 13

1. Physical Well-being
2. Economic and Financial Focus
3. Consumption and Acquisition
4. Scientific and Empirical Understanding
5. Worldly Success and Achievement

Question 14

Emphasis on health, bodily comfort, and physical fitness.

Answer 14

Physical Well-being

Question 15

Pursuit of wealth, possessions, and financial security as primary goals.

Answer 15

Economic and Financial Focus

Question 16

Valuing the acquisition of goods and services, often linked to status and identity.

Answer 16

Consumption and Acquisition

Question 17

Relating to knowledge and understanding derived from the physical sciences and empirical evidence.

Answer 17

Scientific and Empirical Understanding

Question 18

Striving for success in career, education, and social status based on measurable achievements.

Answer 18

Worldly Success and Achievement

Question 19

is not a new phenomenon, as religions have historically expanded through trade, conquest, and missionary activities. However, in the contemporary context, technological advancements, international travel, and the rise of social media have accelerated the dissemination of religious information, leading to new dynamics and challenges.

Answer 19

Religious globalization

Question 20

Several Key Aspects of religious globalization:

Answer 20

1.Transnational Religious Networks
2.Migration and Diaspora Communities
3.Religious Media and Technology
4.Interfaith Dialogue and Encounter
5. Religious Syncretism and Hybridization
6.Religious Tourism
7.Global Religious Movements
8.Challenges to Tradition and Authority
9.Ethical and Human Rights Concerns

Question 21

What key aspect of globalization of religion?

: Globalization has enabled the formation of transnational religious networks, linking believers, religious leaders, and organizations across different countries and continents. These networks facilitate information exchange, religious education, and cooperation on shared religious goals.

Answer 21

Transnational Religious Networks

Question 22

What key aspect of globalization of religion?

: Globalization has led to increased migration, resulting in the establishment of diaspora communities around the world. These communities often preserve and propagate their religious identities, contributing to the global spread of various faiths.

Answer 22

Migration and Diaspora Communities

Question 23

What key aspect of globalization of religion?

: The internet and social media platforms have become powerful tools for religious outreach and communication. Religious organizations and individuals use digital platforms to share religious teachings, engage with followers, and expand their global reach.

Answer 23

Religious Media and Technology

Question 24

what key aspect of globalization of religion?

: Globalization has facilitated greater interfaith dialogue and encounter. People from different religious backgrounds come into contact more frequently, fostering opportunities for understanding, tolerance, and collaboration.

Answer 24

Interfaith Dialogue and Encounter

Question 25

what key aspect of globalization of religion? : The encounter of different religious traditions in a globalized world can lead to religious syncretism and hybridization, where elements from various faiths blend to form new religious expressions.

Answer 25

Religious Syncretism and Hybridization

Question 26

what key aspect of globalization of religion? : Globalization has led to an increase in religious tourism, with people traveling to visit sacred sites, pilgrimage destinations, and religious events, promoting cultural exchange and spiritual exploration.

Answer 26

Religious Tourism

Question 27

what key aspect of globalization of religion? : The globalization of religion can challenge traditional religious authorities and practices. Modern believers may encounter diverse interpretations and face choices between preserving traditional practices and embracing globalized religious trends.

Answer 27

Challenges to Tradition and Authority

Question 28

what key aspect of globalization of religion? : The globalization of religion raises ethical and human rights concerns when religious beliefs and practices clash with universal human rights principles, such as gender equality and LGBTQ+ rights.

Answer 28

Ethical and Human Rights Concerns

Question 29

the globalization of religion is a ___________ and _____________________ that impacts individuals, societies, and geopolitical dynamics. It presents opportunities for cultural exchange, understanding, and cooperation, but also poses challenges related to identity, tolerance, and coexistence in an increasingly interconnected world.

Answer 29

complex and multifaceted phenomenon

Question 30

On one end, globalization has affected religion in various ways.

Answer 30

(1) It paved way of the rise of religious nationalism (2) turn of religion into public life (3) the proliferation of international terrorism (4) the increase of religiosity. (Roudometof, 2014).

Question 31

also influences religion, because of migration. Globalization has forced the appearance of religious traditions in places monitory (Roudometof, 2014)

Answer 31

Global migration

Question 32

is a cultural feature that blurs the lines between characteristics of migration amidst globalization.

Answer 32

(Deterritorialization of religion) Deterritorialization

Question 33

Global migration also resulted in what Campbell (2007) called the_______________. Which is the starting point for the spread of world religions, is now the recipient of a new system of beliefs from the East.

Answer 33

Easternization of the West

Question 34

is influenced by global trends and impulse and is forced to respond to new found situations

Answer 34

religion

Question 35

The interaction of region and culture resulted in a?

Answer 35

global-local religion.

Question 36

Roudometof (2014) developed a model of four distinct glocalization:

Answer 36

Vernacularization Indigenization Nationalization Transnationalization

Question 37

– refers to blending of universal religions with local languages. For instance, Arabic is used as Islam’s sacred language even outside the Arab world, while Greek and Latin remain to be the primary languages of Christianity.

Answer 37

Vernacularization

Question 38

– transform a universal religion to suit the specifics of a particular ethic group. An example is the practice of Islam by various ethnic groups in the Zamboanga peninsula.

Answer 38

Indigenization

Question 39

– constructs a link between the nation and church. The Philippines Independent Church, an independent Christian denomination, is an example of a national modifier to their religious identification.

Answer 39

Nationalization

Question 40

– has complemented religious nationalism by focusing groups on identifying specific religious traditions of real or imagined national homeland.

Answer 40

Transnationalization

Question 41

good example of transnationalization this Christian organization is national in scope but it has international reach that is easily identified as Filipino in its roots and central authority.

Answer 41

Iglesia ni Cristo

Question 42

- the belief that religion would lose its significance with economic development and modernization.

Answer 42

Secularization

Question 43

The thesis (secularization) can be traced back to the classical works of ___________ (4 people) who posited that modernization involves a decline of religiosity among societies and providing different explanations as to why this will occur.

Answer 43

Auguste Comte Max Weber Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx

Question 44

one of the first theorists of secularization, posited that society undergoes three stages: theological stage, metaphysical stage, and the positivist/scientific stage.

Answer 44

Auguste Comte

Question 45

– argued that the men will undergo modernization which is a process of the disenchantment of the universe with the replacement of bureaucratization, rationalization, and secularization.

Answer 45

Max Weber

Question 46

- argues that the individualization of societies breaks the bonds of community.

Answer 46

Emile Durkheim

Question 47

- argues that the individualization of societies breaks the bonds of community.

Answer 47

Emile Durkheim

Question 48

– views religion as the opium of the people created by the material conditions. - believed that religion would have no place in a communist society where all individuals are treated equally with the eradication of class division and the existence of the state.

Answer 48

Karl Marx

Question 49

is a theoretical framework that suggests a decline in the significance and influence of religion in modern societies. The paradigm posits that as societies undergo modernization and industrialization, religious beliefs, practices, and institutions will progressively lose their importance, and secular values and institutions will gain prominence.

Answer 49

SECULARISATION PARADIGM

Question 50

: refers to the process of separating various societal institutions and functions from religious influence. Where religious authority and values are no longer the primary guiding forces in these domains.

Answer 50

Differentiation

Question 51

: refers to the process of separating various societal institutions and functions from religious influence. Where religious authority and values are no longer the primary guiding forces in these domains.

Answer 51

Differentiation

Question 52

: is closely linked to secularization and refers to the shift from traditional, religious explanations of the world to rational, scientific, and empirical explanations. With modernization, scientific and rational thinking become more dominant, leading to a decline in the belief in supernatural forces and religious dogmas. : is often associated with the disenchantment of the world, where natural phenomena are understood through scientific principles rather than ascribed to divine or spiritual causes.

Answer 52

Rationalization

Question 53

: in the context of secularization, refers to a focus on the material world and earthly matters, rather than on spiritual or otherworldly concerns. As societies become more secularized, there is a trend toward emphasizing the here and now, with a decreased emphasis on the afterlife or transcendent realms. Worldly pursuits, such as economic prosperity, technological advancements, and individual achievements, gain prominence over religious piety or asceticism.

Answer 53

Worldliness

Question 54

These three core concepts work together to shape the process of secularization in modern societies:

Answer 54

Differentiation Rationalization Worldliness

Question 55

has revolutionized the way people engage with religion, offering new platforms for religious expression, community building, and the dissemination of religious ideas.

Answer 55

Digital Media