Lesson 2 Flashcards by Marie G.

The production of offspring(reproduction)?

PROCREATION

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It is the moral obligation of parents to have the healthiest children through all natural and artificial means available?

PROCREATIVE HEALTH

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It is the union and consummation of marriage ordered towards procreation?

UNITIVE AND PROCREATIVE HEALTH

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-It asserts that all life forms are the results of procreation
-It is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.
-All life is related and has a descended from a common ancestor
-The theory is defended on common features and ascending complexity?

THEORY OF EVOLUTION

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Making of all thing from nothing by an act of God. Single pair of ancestors (Adam and Eve) Man and woman are to be “two-in-one flesh. “increase and multiply”Stewards of creation?

STORY OF CREATION IN THE BOOK OF GENESIS

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is the study of the male reproductive organs. The male reproductive system consists of both external and internal divisions?

ANDROLOGY

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It is the study of the female reproductive system?

GYNECOLOGY

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Scrotum
Testes
Penis
is what structure?

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

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Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Urethra
Is what structure?

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

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Mons veneris
Labia minora
Labia majora
Vestibule
Clitoris
Skene glands
Bartholin glands
Fourchette
Hymen
are what structure of female reproductive system?

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

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These are the structure of female reproductive system:
-Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina?

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

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UTERINE DEVIATIONS: oddly shaped “horns” at the junction of the fallopian tubes?

BICORNUATE UTERUS

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UTERINE DEVIATIONS: the entire uterus tips far forward?

ANTEVERSION

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UTERINE DEVIATIONS: The entire uterus tips far back?

RETROVERSION

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UTERINE DEVIATIONS: the body of the uterus is bent sharply back just above the cervix?

RETROFLEXION

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UTERINE DEVIATIONS: the body of the uterus is bent sharply forward at the junction with the cervix?

ANTEFLEXION

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Form early in intrauterine life
remain in a halted stage of development until a rise in estrogen at puberty causes them to increase in size.
This increase occurs mainly because of growth of connective tissue plus deposition of fat?

MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREAST

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It is necessary for successful breastfeeding
remains undeveloped until a first pregnancy begins?

GLANDULAR TISSUE OF THE BREAST

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Boys, especially those who are obese, may notice a temporary increase in breast size at puberty, termed ?

GYNECOMASTIA

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What is the average at onset of menarche or the beginning of menstrual period?

12.4 years; average range 9-17 years

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It is the episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes? Its purpose is to bring an ovum to maturity and renew a uterine tissue bed that will be necessary for the ova’s growth should it be fertilized?

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

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What is the interval between cycles of normal menstruation?

average 28 days; cycles of 23-35 days are not unusual

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Duration of menstrual flow are?

Average flow, 4-6 days; ranges of 2-9 days not abnormal

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Normal amount of menstrual flow is?

average of 30-80 mL per menstrual period; menstrual flow saturating a pad or tampon in less than 1 hour is heavy bleeding.

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What is the normal color of menstrual flow?

Dark red

What are the combination of menstrual flow?

BLOOD, MUCUS, AND ENDOMETRIAL CELLS

Odor of normal menstruation is?

similar to marigolds

The menstrual cycle is initiated by the _________, which is released mainly by the hypothalamus?

luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

From the hypothalamus, the GnRH travels toward the pituitary gland to signal the release of the _______ and the ________?

follicle-stimulating hormone ; luteinizing hormone

The ___ is responsible for the maturation of the ovum?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone or FSH

With puberty, the hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to the estrogen feedback that results in the release of the _______or GnRH?

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

The ___ is responsible for the ovulation and the thickening of the uterine lining during menstruation?

Luteinizing Hormone or LH

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: After 4 to 5 days of the menstrual cycle, the lining of the uterus is only one cell layer deep, which is very thin. The ovary produces estrogen as the endometrium proliferates to approximately an eightfold of the usual layer. From day 5 to 14 of the cycle, the endometrium continues to increase in thickness.

1. PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: When there is no fertilization, regression of the corpus luteum starts until its tenth day. Progesterone and estrogen decrease which causes sloughing off of the uterine lining and the capillaries rupture. This is the end of the menstrual cycle which contains blood, mucus, endometrial tissues and the unfertilized ovum. The menses is the only external marker of the cycle, and it also marks the first day of the next cycle.

ISCHEMIC PHASE

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Through the LH, progesterone is formed in the corpus luteum, leading to the endometrium becoming twisted in appearance. There is an increase in the amount of the capillaries, and the lining becomes rich and spongy

2. SECRETORY PHASE

When the follicle reaches full maturity, it is now called the _____-?

Graafian follicle

The LH acts upon the follicle cells of the ovary and in turn, it produces a yellow fluid that is called ___?

LUTEIN

Lutein fills the empty follicle, which is now termed as the ___?

corpus luteum

If conception does not occur, the unfertilized ovum will atrophy after 4 to 5 days, and the corpus luteum will remain for ___?

8 to 10 days

The corpus luteum is replaced by the ____, a white fibrous tissue?

corpus albicans

When there is no fertilization, regression of the corpus luteum starts until its ____?

tenth day

a menstrual flow contains only ___of blood?

30 to 80 ml

An interesting property of cervical mucus just before ovulation, when estrogen levels are high is the ability to form fernlike patterns on a microscope slide when allowed to dry. This pattern is known as arborization or ferning ?

THE FERN TEST

Phases of Menopause: describes the period following the final menses?

POSTMENOPAUSAL

midpoint of a menstrual cycle is another way to demonstrate high levels of estrogen are being produced and, by implication, ovulation is about to occur another property of cervical mucus is the ability to stretch into long strands?

THE SPINNBARKEIT TEST

Phases of Menopause: a term used to denote the period during which menopausal changes are occurring?

PERIMENOPAUSAL

Phases of Menopause: refers to the total changes that occur at this life stage?

CLIMACTERIC

The age range at which menopause occurs is wide, between approximately ____and ____, with a mean age of 51 years?

40 and 55 years

It is composed of chromosomes and genes found in the nucleus of each body cell ?

Genetic material

threadlike strands composed of hereditary material known as DNA?

Chromosomes

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity Small segment of DNA, composing each chromosome Vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases Act to make molecules of proteins?

GENES

Hereditary material Nearly every body cell has the same ___ Mostly located in cell nucleus?

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

A variant form of a gene An alternative form or versions of a gene Humans as diploid organisms = 2 ___ at each genetic locus on a chromosome 1 ___ is inherited from each parent

ALLELES

Genetically determined Passed from parent to offspring (Mendelian Rule) Most traits not strictly determined by genes, but influenced by both genes and environment?

INHERITED TRAIT

One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected by an autosomal dominant disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits the condition from an affected parent. In others, the condition may result from a new mutation in the gene and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Examples of Genetic Conditions: Huntington Disease Marfan Syndrome, Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell disease?

AUTOSOMAL DISORDER

Traits passed down by dominant and recessive alleles of one gene?

MANDELIAN GENETIC

disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In males (who have only one X chromosome), a mutation in the only copy of the gene in each cell causes the disorder. In most cases, males experience more severe symptoms of the disorder than females. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons (no maleto-male transmission). Examples of Genetic Conditions: Fragile X syndrome?

X-LINKED DOMINANT

disorders are also caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome. In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. Because it is unlikely that females will have two altered copies of this gene, males are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons (no male-to-male transmission). Examples of Genetic Conditions: Hemophilia Fabry disease?

X-LINKED RECESSIVE

if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a male's cells. Because only males have a Y chromosome, in Y-linked inheritance, a mutation can only be passed from father to son. Examples of Genetic Conditions: Y chromosome infertility Swyer syndrome (some cases)?

Y-LINKED

___inheritance, two different versions (alleles) of a gene are expressed, and each version makes a slightly different protein. Both alleles influence the genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition. Examples of Genetic Conditions: ABO blood group Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

CODOMINANT

also known as maternal inheritance, applies to genes in mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria, which are structures in each cell that convert molecules into energy, each contain a small amount of DNA. Because only egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo, only females can pass on mitochondrial mutations to their children. Conditions resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass these disorders to their daughters or sons. Examples of Genetic Conditions: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?

MITOCHONDRIAL

a multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings, attitudes, and actions. It has both biologic and cultural diversity components. It encompasses and gives direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social, and intellectual responses throughout life?

SEXUALITY

Phase of human sexual response where it begins with the onset of erotic feeling and sensation which occurs with physical and psychological stimulation (sight, sound, emotion, or thought) that causes parasympathetic nerve stimulation?

EXCITEMENT PHASE

– increased blood supply (arterial dilation and venous constriction in genital area and other different body parts?

VASOCONGESTION

It is an increased muscular tension(contraction)?

MYOTONIA

Phase of human sexual response: period during which sexual tension increases to levels nearing orgasm, which may last from 30 seconds to 3 minutes?

PLATEAU PHASE

Phase of human sexual response:is the involuntary climax of sexual tension, accompanied by physiologic and psychologic release,It lasts for 3 – 10 seconds; shortest stage in the sexual response cycle; intense pleasure affecting the whole body?

Orgasmic Phase/Orgasm

Phase of human sexual response: is the 30-minute period during which the external and internal genital organs return to unaroused state or pre-coital stage?

Resolution Phase

Phase of human sexual response:

1. EXCITEMENT PHASE 2. PLATEAU PHASE 3. ORGASMIC PHASE 4. RESOLUTION PHASE

occurs during which further orgasm is impossible from a few hours or days, depending on age and other factors?

REFRACTORY PERIOD

is the term used to denote a person’s chromosomal sex: male (XY) or female (XX)?

BIOLOGIC GENDER

is the inner sense a person has of being male or female, which may be the same as or different from biologic gender?

Gender identity or sexual identity

What are the disorders of sexual functioning?

1. Failure to achieve orgasm 2. Erectile dysfunction 3. Premature ejaculation 4. Persistent sexual arousal syndrome 5. Pain disorders - Vaginismus - Dyspareunia

is the male or female behavior a person exhibits, which, again, may or may not be the same as biologic gender or gender identity?

GENDER ROLE

Patient-Centered Care Teamwork & Collaboration Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Safety Informatics These are??

QUALITY AND SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES (QSEN)