Lesson 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Look it up
A
2
Q
Look up
A
3
Q
Look for
A
4
Q
Look after
A
5
Q
Look at
A
6
Q
Look back
A
7
Q
Look out!
A
8
Q
Look out for
A
9
Q
Interesting Facts
A
10
Q
The first Persian dictionary was compiled around 1000 years ago
A
11
Q
Compile
A
12
Q
The largest dictionary in the world took 134 years to complete (from 1864 to 1998)
A
13
Q
Take
A
14
Q
Around 4000 new words are added to the English dictionary every year
A
15
Q
The size of the smallest dictionary in the world about 27×18 mm which needs to be read with a magnifying glass
A
16
Q
Magnifying glass
A
17
Q
Magnify
A
18
Q
Read it as: twenty-seven by eighteen millimeters
A
19
Q
By
A
20
Q
Education
A
21
Q
Educational
A
22
Q
Educate
A
23
Q
Educator
A
24
Q
Educated
A
25
Educated guess
26
Higher education
27
Accent
28
Instruction
29
Stage
30
Classical
31
Further
32
Get ready
33
Match pictures with dictionary types
34
A monolingual dictionary, a bilingual dictionary
35
Monolingual
36
Bilingual
37
Check which type of dictionary you use in the following situations
38
Translating an English poem
39
Finding the meanings of 'quit'
40
Quit
41
Give up
42
Searching for the word 'ساختمان' in English
43
Search
44
Research
45
Researcher
46
Looking up the adjective of 'destroy'
47
Destroy
48
Destruction
49
Destructive
50
Looking up the Persian meaning of 'actions speak louder than words'
51
Action
52
Actions speak louder than words
53
Act
54
Actor
55
Check what types of information you cannot find in an English dictionary
56
English meaning, Persian meaning, pronunciation, stories and poems, word types (verb, noun, adjective, etc), synonyms and antonyms
57
Pronunciation
58
Pronounce
59
Etc
60
Majid is going to choose a suitable dictionary for his English class
61
He is talking to his English teacher during the break
62
Break
63
Majid: Excuse me Mr. Iranmehr , i wonder if you could help me
64
Wonder
65
If
66
Mr. Iranmehr: Sure. How can i help you?
67
Majid: I'd like some information about a good English dictionary
68
Mr. Iranmehr: Oh, well. Have you ever used a dictionary?
69
Majid: Actually, I haven't. But I've heard that using a good dictionary can really help me learn English better.
70
Mr. Iranmehr: That's right. First, i recommend a learner's dictionary
71
Recommend
72
Majid: What is a leaner's dictionary?
73
Mr. Iranmehr: It is designed for foreign students
74
Design
75
Foreign
76
Foreigner
77
It also helps them learn English better
78
Majid: Is there only one type of it?
79
Mr. Iranmehr: No, in fact dictionaries have different types, levels, and sizes
80
In fact
81
Majid: What type do you suggest?
82
Mr. Iranmehr: I suppose a monolingual dictionary is more suitable for you, because you can find word information in English
83
Suppose
84
Be supposed to
85
Majid: And what about levels?
86
Mr. Iranmehr: Well, there are usually three levels: elementary, intermediate and advanced
87
Usually
88
Usual
89
Elementary
90
Intermediate
91
Advanced
92
Advance
93
For you as a high school student, an elementary one is OK
94
Majid: Do i need a small size one?
95
Mr. Iranmehr: Yes, a pocket dictionary. You can carry it wherever you go
96
Pocket
97
Wherever
98
Whenever
99
Whatever
100
Majid: Oh, it's very good. And hmm..., is it expensive?
101
Mr. Iranmehr: No, such dictionaries are not expensive
102
By the way, you can use a free online dictionary, too.
103
And also there are some free dictionaries for PCs and apps for smart phones
104
PC
105
App
106
Majid: Thanks, that's a good idea, but I'd like to use a pocket dictionary!
107
Answer the following questions orally
108
What type of dictionary does Mr. Iranmehr recommend?
109
What factors do you consider when you want to choose a dictionary ?
110
Factor
111
What type of dictionary do you often use?
112
Look, read, and practice
113
Try to avoid foods that contain a lot of fat
114
Avoid
115
Prevent
116
Contain
117
Fat
118
I circled the dictionary entry for the word 'purpose'.
119
Entry
120
Enter
121
Purpose
122
C is the symbol for carbon
123
Symbol
124
I.R. stands for Islamic Republic
125
Stand for
126
Mehran couldn't figure out what the teacher was talking about
127
Figure out
128
Combination: an arrangement in a particular order
From the letters X and Y, we can get two Combinations: XY and YX
129
Arrange
130
Arrangement
131
Particular
132
In particular
133
Order
134
In order
135
In a particular order
136
Disorder
137
Letter
138
Introduction: the part at the beginning of a book that gives a general idea of what it is about
This book has only a two-page introduction
139
Introduction
140
Introduce
141
General
142
Generally
143
Two-page
144
Effectively: in a way that is successful and achieves what you want
If you know how to study more effectively, you'll be able to learn more
145
Effectively
146
Effective
147
Effect
148
Achieve
149
Be able to
150
Able
151
Unable
152
Enable
153
Ability
154
Disability
155
Arrange: to put things in a neat, attractive, or useful order
We'll need to arrange the chairs around the table
156
Neat
157
Attractive
158
Attract
159
Attract
160
Attraction
161
Useful
162
Use
163
Table
164
Jump into: to suddenly decide to do something
I did not read the introduction and jumped into the next part
165
Jump into
166
Decide
167
Decision
168
How to use a dictionary
169
A good dictionary gives the user information about words such as spellings, pronunciation and definitions
170
User
171
Spelling
172
Spell
173
It also gives examples of how to use the words in sentences correctly
174
Therefore, it is essential to know how to use a dictionary
175
Therefore
177
In this lesson, we provide you with some helpful tips on how to use a dictionary effectively
178
Tip
179
Choose the Right Dictionary
180
There are many different types of dictionaries such as learner's dictionaries, general dictionaries, picture dictionaries, etc.
181
Essential
181
Therefore, first identify your needs
182
Identify
183
Identity
184
Without choosing the right one you cannot meet your language needs
185
Meet
186
Read the introduction
187
The best way to learn how to use your dictionary effectively is to read its introduction
188
This section explains issues like how entries are arranged, what information is offered in entries and what abbreviations and pronunciation symbols are used throughout the entries
189
Section
190
Explain
191
Explanation
192
Issue
193
Offer
194
Abbreviation
195
Throughout
196
Learn the abbreviations
197
Different types of abbreviations are often used in the definitions for a word
198
This can be confusing if you do not know what the abbreviations stand for
199
Confusing
200
Confused
201
Confuse
202
Distinct
203
Etymology
204
Learn the Guide to Pronunciation
205
If you immediately jump into using the dictionary without understanding the pronunciation guide, it can be difficult to figure it out
206
Immediately
207
Immediate
208
Difficult
209
Read the Guide Words
210
These are the two words at the top of each page that show the first and last entries on the page
211
On the page
212
These words will help you find the word you are looking for in the right letter section
213
Read the Definitions
214
Once you find an entry, you can find the exact meaning of the word, its pronunciation, part of speech, synonyms, antonyms, and probably its origin
215
Once
216
At once
217
Exact
218
Exactly
219
Part of speech
220
Speech
221
Probably
222
Probable
223
Origin
224
Original
225
Originally
226
Look for Collocations
227
Learning the meaning of a single word is not usually enough
228
Single
229
Through sentence examples, try to learn 'words in combination' to expand your vocabulary
230
Through
231
Throughout
232
Expand
233
Reading strategy
234
Highlighting
235
Highlight
236
One way to remember what you have read is to highlight important information
237
Use these guidelines for highlighting a text:
238
Highlight the main ideas
239
Highlight the key points not minor details or less important information
240
Minor
241
Detail
242
Highlight phrases and parts of sentences instead of entire sentences
243
Phrase
244
Instead of
245
Instead
246
Entire
247
Do not highlight many sentences or too much of the text
248
Read the following paragraph and highlight the most important information
249
Sharks are not all the same
250
Shark
251
In fact, there are nearly 400 different kinds
252
Nearly
253
Nearby
254
Most sharks never attack people
255
Attack
256
Only a special group of sharks can be dangerous
257
They kill an average of forty people every year
258
Average
259
An average of...
260
Let's compare sharks with snakes
261
Compare
262
Comparison
263
Comparative
264
Snack
265
Snacks kill about 60000 people every year
266
And let's not forget that people kill 25000000 sharks every year
267
Forget
268
Now go back to the 'Reading'. It claims that you can be familiar with useful information to use a dictionary more effectively
269
Claim
270
Familiar
271
Highlight parts of the passage that support this claim
272
Support
273
Read the 'Reading'. Generate questions with the following question starters and then answer them
274
Word Part Families
275
One way to figure out the meaning of an unknown word is to look for its relationship with other words in the same family
276
Unknown
277
Known
278
Relationship
279
Relation
280
Even if you cannot figure out the exact meaning, your understanding can be enough to allow you to read on
281
Even
282
Understanding
283
Understand
284
Allow
285
Read on
286
For example, in this sentence: "We provide you with some helpful information on how to use a dictionary more effectively" you can get an idea of the meaning of the word "effectively" by recognizing that it is related to the word "effect"
287
Recognize
288
Related
289
Be related to
290
In this technique which is also known as " word attack", looking for word parts can help you read and understand the meaning of complicated words
291
Technique
292
Complicated
293
Complicate
294
When you recognize prefixes and suffixes and know what they mean, it will help you work out the meaning of many words you read
295
Prefix
296
Suffix
297
Work out
299
Look at the following sentences
300
Workout
300
Write down at least one other word you know that is related to the bold word
301
Bold
302
My job has become increasingly difficult
303
Increasingly
304
Increasing
305
Increase
306
He wasn't very communicative and kept to himself
307
Communicative
308
Communication
309
Communicate
310
Keep to oneself
311
The police believe the fire was started accidentally
312
Police
313
Believe
314
Belief
315
Accidentally
316
Accidental
317
Accident
318
The pollution is endangering the crops
319
Pollution
320
Pollute
321
Polluted
322
Endanger
323
Endangered
324
Danger
325
Dangerous
326
Crop
327
We searched unsuccessfully for a map of Kerman
328
Unsuccessfully
329
Unsuccessful
330
Successful
331
Success
332
Succeed
333
Attack these words to figure out their meanings
334
Try to write down other words related to them
335
For example: disconnection: disconnect/ connection/ connect
336
Disconnection
337
Disconnect
338
Connection
339
Connect
340
Unsystematically
341
Unsystematic
342
System
343
Incomprehensible
344
Comprehensible
345
Comprehension
346
Comprehend
347
Unexpectedly
348
Unexpected
349
Expected
350
Expect
351
International
352
National
353
Nationality
354
Nation
355
Unchangeable
356
Changeable
357
Change
358
Read the following text
359
The first Persian dictionary which is still published was compiled more than 900 years ago
360
Still publish
361
Loghat-e Fors was made by Asadi Tusi who was a famous poet in the 5th century
362
Century
363
The list of entries has been arranged according to the final letters of the words
364
According to
365
There are examples sentences which were taken from poetry
366
The dictionary has synonyms and explanations that were used by young poets
367
The dictionary has been used widely by the poets who lived after Asadi Tusi
368
Widely
369
Wide
370
Many words have been added to the first dictionary which Asadi compiled
371
The dictionary has been published several times and is a valuable treasure of Persian language
372
Several
373
Treasure
374
Read the following example sentences
375
The man plays golf. He lives at No. 10
The man who/that plays golf lives at No. 10
376
The woman is coming to dinner. You met her yesterday.
The woman who(m)/that you met yesterday is coming to dinner
377
The cat lives near us. It was drinking milk.
The cat which/that i lost yesterday.
378
Lose
379
Tell your teacher how 'relative clauses' are made
380
Relative clause
381
Relative
382
Clause
383
Relative pronoun
384
Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with 'who' or 'which'
385
Mr. Sanders is a doctor who lives in a city
386
He works in a village which is near the city
387
Each morning he goes to the village and comes back home in the evening
388
Mr. Sanders usually catches the morning train which enters the station at 7:30
389
Catch
390
Station
391
The train which he catches is not very crowded
392
Crowded
393
Crowd
394
There are some teachers and workers who also work in the village
395
Mr. Sanders knows some of them
396
They sometimes talk about interesting things, like weather and sports
397
He often reads on the train
398
He reads books or newspapers which he borrows from the stand in the station
399
Borrow
400
Lend
401
Stand
402
Although his travel to the village takes around 45 minutes, he enjoys every minute of it
403
Although
404
He is the type of guy who likes to spend his time wisely
405
Guy
406
Spend
407
Complete the following sentences. Then compare them with your friend.
408
Example: Rudaki who lived in the 4th century is a famous Persian poet
409
Ostrich is a bird... Our English teacher... The notebook...
410
Ostrich
411
Conditional sentences (Type II)
412
Read the following example sentences
413
If the old man had his glasses, he could read the paper.
414
Paper
415
They would be healthier if they lived in a village
416
If it got warmer, they would travel to the north
417
John could fix the car if he were home
418
If my mother were here, I would ask her for help
419
I would buy a house if i were you
420
Speaking strategy
421
Talking about Imaginary Situations
422
Imaginary
423
Imagination
424
Imagine
425
We use 'conditional type II' to talk about imaginary situations
426
A: Oh look! It is raining so heavily
427
B: What would you do if it weren't raining?
428
A: Hmm.. if it weren't sunny, i would go to the park. I am really bored.
429
B: We can play one of our thinking games, instead
430
A:We could play 'Smart Kid' if Sina were home
431
B: This one is also fun. Let's try it
432
Try
433
You may use the following to talk about imaginations, hopes, and wishes
434
Wish
435
What would you do if you were me?
436
What would you do if you had wings?
437
Wing
438
What would you do if you were a university student?
439
Listen to the following conversations and answer the questions
440
A: This weekend is my birthday. I have invited everyone but Mina
441
But
442
B: why not? If i were you, i would certainly invite her. As far as i know, you were close friends at school
443
As far as...
444
A: Yes, but she has moved to another neighbourhood. If i had her address, i would invite her.
445
Move
446
Neighborhood
447
Neighbor
448
B: What a pity! If i knew that sooner, i could help you
449
A: How?
450
B: I could check it with my sister. She's her mother's friend
451
A: Can you call her now?
452
B: Unfortunately, she's not available till next Wednesday. Sorry!
453
Unfortunately
454
Fortunately
455
Fortunate
456
Available
457
Till
458
Where does Mina live?
459
Why hasn't Zohreh invited Mina yet?
460
Pair up and ask your friends about the things they want to do today, but they cannot. You may use the clues in the box
461
Clue
462
If it weren't so cold,...
463
If you did your homework sooner,...
464
If your father came home earlier,...
465
If i had enough money,...
466
A: Are you OK?
467
B: I'm thinking about something
468
A: What's wrong?
469
B: I have some money to buy a new mobile phone, but one of my friends is in trouble and needs some money. What would you do if you were in my shoes?
470
Save
471
Trouble
472
Be in trouble
473
If you were in my shoes (=if you were me)
474
A: What is his problem?
475
B: I could tell you about it if it weren't a secret, but it's an emergency
476
Emergency
477
A: Ok, if i were you, i would give him the money. A friend in need is a friend indeed
478
Indeed
479
What did Bijan tell Mehran about the problem?
480
Pair up and ask your friends what they would do if they were you. You may use the clues in the box
481
Study harder, do daily exercise, be more careful, learn French
482
What is a paragraph?
483
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one idea
484
A paragraph can (1) give us information, (2) tell us an opinion, (3) explain something to us, or (4) tell us a short story
485
Opinion
486
Every sentence in a paragraph is about the same idea
487
When you want to write about a new idea, begin a new paragraph
488
Paragraph format
489
Format
490
Paragraphs have a special shape
491
Shape
492
In each paragraph, the sentences are grouped together
493
Group
494
They come one after another
495
One after another
496
Remember that sentences in a paragraph start with a capital letter and with a period. (.), question mark (?) or exclamation point (!)
497
Capital
498
Period
499
Question mark
500
Mark
