Lesson 2 (ادامه) Flashcards
1
Q
Exclamation point
A
2
Q
Exclamation
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3
Q
Look at the examples below
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4
Q
Below
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5
Q
Choose the one which has the right shape for a paragraph
A
6
Q
Oceans and Lakes
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7
Q
Ocean
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8
Q
Lake
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9
Q
Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different
A
10
Q
Common
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11
Q
Have sth in common
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12
Q
Common noun
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13
Q
Both are bodies of water, but oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh water
A
14
Q
Both
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15
Q
Both … and …
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16
Q
Body
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17
Q
Body of water
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18
Q
Salt
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19
Q
Salt water
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20
Q
While
A
21
Q
Fresh
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22
Q
Fresh water
A
23
Q
Lakes are usually surrounded by land, while oceans are what surround continents
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24
Q
Surround
A
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Land
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Landing
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Continent
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Both have plants and animals living in them
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The ocean is home to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes support much smaller forms of life
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On the planet
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Whereas
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The topic sentence
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The most important sentence in a paragraph is the 'topic sentence'
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It is called the 'topic sentence' because it tells readers what they are going to read about
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A topic sentence has two parts:
1. A topic: what the paragraph is about
2. A controlling idea: what the writer is going to focus on in the paragraph
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Control
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Controlling
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Controlled
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Focus
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For example: Topic sentence 1: My sister and I (topic) respect our parents all the time (controlling idea)
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Topic sentence 2: A cheetah (topic) is a wild animal from the cat family (controlling idea)
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Wild
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Wildlife
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Look at the topic sentences from paragraphs you have seen in Vision 2
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Vision
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Find the topic and the controlling idea
47
Language is a system of communication
48
About fifty percent of the world's languages have fewer than 5000 speakers
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Percent
50
Bad habits and addiction can be harmful to health
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Habit
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Addiction
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Addict
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Harmful
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Harm
56
Art is what people create with imagination and skill
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Skill
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Skillful
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Handicrafts are good examples of the art and culture of a country
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Handicraft
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Crafts(wo)man
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Hint: The topic sentence is usually the first or sometimes the last sentence, but it can be any sentence in the paragraph
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Hint
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Read the following paragraphs. First find the topic sentence, then circle the topic, and underline the controlling idea
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Ants are found everywhere in the world
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Ant
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They make their home in buildings, gardens, etc.
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They live in anthills
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Anthill
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Hill
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Ants are very hardworking insects
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Hardworking
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Insect
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Throughout the summers they collect food for the winter season
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Whenever they find a sweet on the floor, they stick to the sweet and carry it to their home
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Sweet
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floor
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Stick
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Thus, in this way, they clean the floor
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Ants are generally red and black in colour
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Colour
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Red, black, etc.in color
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They have two eyes and six legs
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They are social insects
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The stars are tiny points of light in the space
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Tiny
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On a clear night we can see around 2,000 to 3,000 stars without using a telescope
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Stars look tiny in the sky because they are far away from the Earth
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Far away
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In ancient.
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Pattern
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An online directory is one that is available on the Internet or World Wide Web and is accessed through a Web browser using a computer or a mobile device, primarily by typing a term into a search box on the site
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On the Internet
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World Wide Web
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Worldwide
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Web
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Access
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Browser
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Browse
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Mobile
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Device
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Primarily
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Primary
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Term
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In terms of
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Site
107
Online dictionaries offer immediate, direct access through large databases to a world's spelling and meaning, plus a host of information, including its spelling, pronunciation, and origin, etc.
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Direct
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Indirect
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Directly
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Direction
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Database
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Plus
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A host of
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Host
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Guest
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A hearing device is available for some people suffering from hearing loss
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Suffer
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Suffer from
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Loss
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Lose
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This device uses a magnet
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Magnet
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Like other aids, it converts sounds into vibrations and transmits them directly to the magnet, and then to the inner ear, producing a clearer sound
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Aid
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First aid
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Convert
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Convert sth to/ into sth
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Convert to/ into sth
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Vibration
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Transmit
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Transport
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Inner
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Inner ear
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The device helps those with a hearing loss caused by infection or other problems in the middle ear
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Cause
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Infection
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Middle
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Middle ear
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Write a topic sentence for the following items
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Item
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Sport, writing, forest, smoking, firefighters, Avicenna, clean energy, Persian Golf
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Firefighter
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Fight
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Listen to the first part of a report
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Report
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Sometimes, it is fun to think about things that would never happen
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We can ask ourselves questions that don't have any real answers
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For instance, we can think, "What would I do if I had a time machine to travel with right now?"
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Machine
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Some people may say, "I would visit the past if I had that machine "
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Visit
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Visitor
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Or, "I would visit the future to see the world and people of the future"
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Maybe you have thought about this: "What would I do if I had this ability to talk to animals? What would I say?"
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Maybe
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Some people would prefer to talk with cats or birds, but some would not like the idea
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They would feel frightened
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Be/feel frightened
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Frightening
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Frighten
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What would you do if you had a time machine now?
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Would you live in a jungle if you were allowed to?
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Jungle
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Listen again and take note of three questions you hear
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Take note of sth
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Now read the rest
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Have you ever thought of superhuman?
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Superhuman
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Human
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Humankind
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What abilities would you like to have if you had superhuman powers?
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Some may say, "I would like to fly if I had superhuman powers "
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Others may say, "I would like to be very strong to help people "
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Some may say, "I would like to be invincible or read people's minds"
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Invincible
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Visible
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Mind
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What about you? Would you like to be able to do these?
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Think of being an astronaut; where would you like to go?
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Astronaut
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Underline 'if clauses'
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If clause
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Work in pairs. Ask and answer
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Would you like to fly?
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What would you do if you found some money?
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Where would you like to travel if you were an astronaut?
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A dictionary is a book which explains the meanings of words and expressions
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You can find words easily because dictionaries put them in alphabet order
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Alphabetical
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Alphabet
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In alphabetical order
The word 'dictionary' comes from the Latin 'dicto' ('saying')
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There are several types of dictionaries
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Dictionaries which explain words and how they are used;
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Dictionaries which translate words from one language to another;
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Dictionaries of biography which tell us about famous people;
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Biography
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Biographical
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And technical dictionaries which explain the meanings of technical words
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Technical
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Dictionaries which explain what words mean give a clear 'definition' of them
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A good dictionary also gives more information about words
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For instance, it explains how they are pronounced
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Usually the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used for this purpose
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Phonetic
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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
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There are also dictionaries which translate words into other languages
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Very often one volume translates both ways;
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Volume
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For example, half of the book is from English to Persian and the other half from Persian to English
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When using a dictionary to find out how to say something in another language, one has to be careful to choose the right meaning
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Find out
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One
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A word like 'right' has several meanings in English, for example, 'correct' and 'the opposite of the left'
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Opposite
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A word like 'present' may be used as an adjective, meaning 'not absent', as a noun, meaning 'gift' or as a verb, meaning 'give'
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Present
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Absent
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Absence
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Gift
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Words with different meanings exist in other languages, too
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Exist
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A good dictionary lists all the meanings of words to help people find the meaning that they look for
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List
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A complete dictionary also tells you about the origin of words and the story behind them
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Behind
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For example, the words like 'pajamas' 'bazaar' and 'paradise' entered English from Persian
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Pajamas
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Bazaar
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Paradise
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Dictator
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Dictatorial
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Diction
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Manner
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Adverb of manner
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Corresponding
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Correspond
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True or False: A word starting with 'p' appears before a word starting with 'm' in a dictionary
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False
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Appear
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Disappear
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Appearance
243
Odd one out: cell phone, preposition
244
Odd
245
Cell phone
246
Cell
247
Preposition
248
What do the following items stand for? IT, IRIB, CD, DVD
249
IT
250
IRIB
251
Broadcast
252
CD
253
Compact
254
DVD
255
Symbol: something that stands for something else
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Else
257
Something else
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Somebody else
259
Arrange: organize and put in order
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Organize
261
Organization
262
The building is a combination of new and old styles
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Style
264
Lifestyle
265
I saw the man who lives next door
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Next door
267
I do not have a good job and cannot earn enough money
268
Earn
269
Whenever ants find a sweet lying on the floor, they stick to the sweet and carry it to their home
270
Lie
271
Lie
272
They live in groups or colonies
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Colony
274
Most ants are scavengers
275
Scavenger
276
They collect whatever food they can find
277
They are usually wingless but they develop wings when they reproduce
278
Wingless
279
Reproduce
280
Their bites are quite painful
281
Bite
282
Scan the paragraph and highlight three specific facts
283
Scan
284
Specific
285
Water is the most essential element in our life
286
Element
287
We cannot think of life without water
288
We need water to drink, to wash our bodies and clothes, to cook our food and to grow crops, vegetables and fruits
289
Water is also essential for animals, birds, insects, etc.
290
We need huge resources of water to generate electricity on a large and commercial scale
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Huge
292
Resource
293
Commercial
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Scale
295
On a large scale
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On a commercial scale
297
Nearly 70 percent of our body is water
298
No living being can exist for long without water, the most valuable liquid
299
Living being
300
Being
301
Liquid
302
We use oceans, seas, rivers and lakes as waterways to carry goods, passengers, etc
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Waterway
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Goods
305
Passenger
306
Traveler
307
Lack of rain causes droughts
308
Drought
309
Thus, water is very important to our life and our planet
310
For instance, we can think, "What would i do if i had a time machine to travel with right now?"
311
Machine
312
Some people may say, "I would visit the past if i had that machine "
313
Visit
314
Visitor
315
Or, "I would visit the future to see the world and people of the future "
316
Maybe you have thought about this: "What would I do if I had this ability to talk to animals? What would I say?"
317
Maybe
318
Some people would prefer to talk with cats or birds, but some would not like the idea
319
They would feel frightened
320
Frightening
321
Frighten
322
What would you do if you had a time machine now?
323
Would you live in a jungle if you were allowed to?
324
Jungle
325
Listen again and take note of three questions you hear
326
Take note of sth
327
Now read the rest
328
Have you ever thought of superhuman?
