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Lesson 2: Endogenic process Flashcards

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1
Q

Endogenic forces a can be classified as ____ and ____

A

slow movements (diastrophic) and sudden
movements

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2
Q

how does slow movements affect earth

A

changes very gradually which might not be visible during a human lifetime

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE :DDDD
Metamorphism is not a part of endogenic forces

A

false

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4
Q

responsible for shaping the earth’s relief and the formation of many of the important mineral resources

A

Endogenic processes

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5
Q

principal energy sources for endogenic processes

A
  • heat
  • the redistribution of material in the earth’s interior according to density
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6
Q

where does earth’s heat originate from?

A

radiation

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7
Q

refer to forces generated by the movement of the solid material of the earth’s crust.

A

Diastrophic forces

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8
Q

All the processes that move, elevate or build portions of the earth’s crust come under ______

A

diastrophism

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9
Q

slow movements are also called

A

diastrophic forces

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10
Q

mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust

A

orogenic processes

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11
Q

uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust

A

Epeirogenic processes

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12
Q

local relatively minor movements

A

Earthquakes

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13
Q

horizontal movements of crustal plates

A

Plate tectonics

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14
Q

mainly associated with the formation of continents and plateaus

A

Vertical movements or epeirogenic movements

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15
Q

broad central parts of continents,

A

craton

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16
Q

Which one brings a change to the horizontal rock strata? Vertical (epeirogenic) or horizontal (orogenic)?

A

Oro

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17
Q

This movement causes the upliftment of continent, and the subsidence of continent

A

epe

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18
Q

where did epeirogenic movements originate from?

A

CENTER OF EARTH

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19
Q

act on the earth’s crust from side to side to cause these movements

A

Horizontal forces

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20
Q

horizontal movements or forces are also called ____

A

oro

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21
Q

Two classifications of orogenic forces

A

forces of compression and forces of tension

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22
Q

The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as

A

Lithospheric plates

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23
Q

How fast do lithospheric plates move?

A

very slowly – just a few millimeters each year

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24
Q

When the Lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates. The vibrations can travel all round the earth. These vibrations are called ______

A

earthquakes

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25
The place in the crust where the movement starts is called ______. It is also the initial point where the rocks rupture in the crust
focus
26
The place on the surface above the focus is called the
epicenter
27
Vibrations travel outwards from the epicenter as
waves
28
Two internal heat sources or earth?
Primordial heat, Radioactive heat
29
heat from accretion and bombardment of the Earth during the early stages of formation.
Primordial heat
30
(the heat generated by long-term radioactive decay): its main sources are the four long-lived isotopes (large half-life), namely K40, Th232, U235 and U238 that made a continuing heat source over geologic time
Radioactive heat
31
temp of Core-mantle boundary
3,700°C
32
temp of Inner-core – outer-core boundary
6,300°C±800°C
33
heat of Earth’s center
6,400°C±600°C
34
how does earth's heat get Redistributed
Simultaneous conduction, convection and radiation
35
how does heat gets transferred in the transition zones?
conduction
36
convection happens in which two places?
mantle, sea-floor spreading zones
37
how magma made?
- decrease in pressure (decompression melting) - addition of volatiles (flux melting) - rising magma (heat transfer melting)
38
An ___________ is sudden ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks
earthquake
39
Stresses build on both sides of a fault, causing the rocks to deform plastically (Time 2). When the stresses become too great, the rocks break and end up in a different location (Time 3). This releases the built up energy and creates an earthquake.
Elastic rebound theory
40
what theory explains how earthquakes work?
Elastic Rebound Theory
41
which earthquakes cause more damage, shallow or deep?
shallow
42
earthquakes travel in ______
waves
43
high point of wave?
crest
44
low point of wave?
trough
45
The height of a wave from the centerline to its crest is its
amplitude
46
The distance between waves from crest to crest (or trough to trough)
wavelength
47
The study of seismic waves is known as
seismology
48
Two types of seismic waves are most useful for learning about Earth’s interior. What are they?
body waves, and surface waves
49
2 types of body waves
P-waves and S-waves
50
why they called body waves?
they move through the solid body of the Earth
51
travels through solids, liquids, and gases
P-waves
52
only move through solids
s-waves
53
only travel along Earth's surface
duh
54
which do more damage? body or surface waves?
surface
55
- are fastest, traveling at about 6 to 7 kilometers (about 4 miles) per second - arrive first at the seismometer
p-wavess
56
what type of motion do p-waves move
compression/expansion
57
P-wave shadow zone what is it
liquid outer core, so they slow down cuz they move faster in rigid material
58
- about half as fast as P-waves, traveling at about 3.5 km (2 miles) per second - arrive second at seismographs
S-waves
59
how s-waves move
up and down motion perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
60
why s-waves cant move through liquid
CUZ U CANT SHIMMY LIQUID
61
travel along the ground, outward from an earthquake’s epicenter
surface waves
62
slowest of all seismic waves, traveling at 2.5 km (1.5 miles) per second
surface waves
63
two types of surface waves
love waves, and rayleigh waves
64
which waves does seismometer detect?
p-wave s-wave surface wave
65
used to pinpoint epicenter and focues
triangulation
66
relative amount of energy released during an earthquake
magnitude
67
each different scale in the magnitude scale is ____ times more intense than the previous
32
68
developed by charles richter
magnitude
69
developed intensity scale
Giuseppe Mercalli
70
amt of dmg done to diff places scale
mercalli scale
71
largest recorded earthquake (acc. to slideshow)
8.6, but i read somewhere that a 9.4 - 9.6 earthquake happened ;-;
72
source of primordial heat
accretion energy adiabatic compression core formation energy
73
heat released from collision of planetary objects during the early formation of planets
accretion energy
74
heat generated as materials are compressed
adiabatic compression
75
heat from the earth's core
core formation energy
76
happens when magme generated and develops into igneous rocks
magmatism
77
where magma form
mid-oceanic ridges mantle plumes subduction zones
78
the rising magma in mantle convection cell brings heat to the surface transferring heat to the overlying rocks - accompanied with decompression cuz plates moving apart
mid-oceanic ridges
79
mantle plumes go between convection currents
just remember :D
80
breathe
look to Him
81
formed along spreading centers, typically beneath several km of sea water
subduction zones
82
higher pressure, higher _______ of rock
melting point
83
water lowers melting point of rocks
mhmm
84
magma is classified based on
composition
85
how is the viscosity of magma
depends on composition
86
3 types of magma
basaltic andesitic rhyolitic
87
Composition of magma, how many main elements
8 (in order of importance: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium)
88
how magma rise up?
density contrast viscosity
89
remember: high viscosity means thicker, low viscosity means more liquidy
:DD
90
high temp --> low viscosity high silica --> ________ __________ --> low viscosity
high viscosity
91
the process of creating one or more secondary magmas from single parent magma
Magmatic differentiation
92
a chemical process by which the composition of a liquid, such as magma, changes due to crystallization
crystal fractionation
93
denser minerals crystallize first and settle down while the lighter minerals crystallize at the latter stages
Common mechanism for crystal fractionation is crystal settling
94
what describes the melting of minerals
bowen's reaction series
95
Partial melting of an ultramafic rock in the mantle produces
basaltic magma
96
The different magmatic differentiation processes
Crystal Fractionation Partial Melting Magma mixing
97
low viscosity, low silica, high iron and low volatile (H2O) contents
basalt and basaltic magma
98
form when hot rocks in the mantle slowly rise and encounter lower pressures. This leads to decompression melting (melting due to reduced pressures)
basalt and basaltic magma
99
high silica, low iron and high volatile (H2O) contents
Rhyolite and rhyolitic magma
100
The silica, iron and volatile (H2O) contents and viscosity are intermediate between basalt and rhyolite
Andesite and andesitic magma
101
how do andesitic and rhyolitic magma differ?
they are created the same way but have different silica, iron, and volatile contents

Corsci (6 decks)

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