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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > LESSON 2: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY > Flashcards

LESSON 2: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

acetabulum

A

the hip socket

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2
Q

allogeneic

A

originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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5
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

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6
Q

avascular necrosis

A

an area of bone tissue death by insufficient blood flow

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7
Q

callus

A

forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break and eventually becomes bone

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8
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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9
Q

comminuted fracture

A

the bone is splintered/crushed

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10
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

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11
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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12
Q

crepitation

A

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

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13
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

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14
Q

fat embolus

A

can form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

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15
Q

gout

A

a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

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16
Q

hallux valgus

A

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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17
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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18
Q

hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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19
Q

internal fixation

A

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

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20
Q

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger; symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

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21
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

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22
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the lamina

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23
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

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24
Q

lumbago

A

low back pain

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25
malleolus
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
26
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
27
metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
28
metatarsals
form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached
29
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow
30
open fracture
the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
31
orthopedic surgeon
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
32
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
33
osteoarthritis
most commonly associated with aging
34
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
35
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone in adults
36
osteomyelitis
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
37
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density
38
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging
39
osteoporotic hip fracture
also known as broken hip, is usually caused by the weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as a result of a fall
40
Paget's disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation
41
pathologic fracture
occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer
42
percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
43
podiatrist
holds a Doctor of Podiatry (DP) or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
44
polymyalgia rheumatica
(PMR) is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
45
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
46
radiculopathy
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, sometimes referred to as a pinched nerve
47
rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
48
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorous levels in the bones
49
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
50
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
51
spinal stenosis
a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain
52
spiral fracture
a complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
53
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
54
spondylosis
this degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
55
stem cell transplant
also known as a bone marrow transplant (BMT), is used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas
56
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
57
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee
58
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
59
decompressive craniectomy
surgical removal of a portion of the skull to relieve intercranial pressure usually due to swelling after a traumatic brain injury
60
plantar
sole of the foot
61
ecchymosis
bruising
62
collagen
a protein that gives bone a soft framework, major component of bone
63
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
64
ADLs
activities of daily living
65
AKA
above-the-knee amputation
66
BDT
bone density testing
67
BKA
below-the-knee amputation
68
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae
69
C-spine
cervical spine
70
CFS
chronic fatigue syndome
71
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
72
DJD
degenerative joint disease
73
EMG
electromyography
74
Fx
fracture
75
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae
76
LBP
low back pain
77
MD
muscular dystrophy
78
MG
myasthenia gravis
79
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
80
OA
osteoarthritis
81
OP
osteoporosis
82
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
83
Ortho
orthopedics
84
OT
occupation therapy
85
PT
physical therapy
86
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
87
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
88
ROM
range of motion
89
RSD
repetitive stress disorder
90
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
91
T1-T12
thoracic vertebrae
92
TKR
total knee replacement
93
TMJ
temporomandibular joint

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (10 decks)

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