Lesson 3 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States?
Chronic diseases including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes
These diseases significantly impact healthcare costs and quality of life.
What percentage of adults and adolescents do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines?
Approximately 75% of adults and more than 80% of adolescents
This highlights the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles.
What is the preferred goal in preventing chronic diseases?
Primary prevention (treating before conditions develop)
This is preferred over secondary prevention (treating after conditions are apparent).
What is the strongest overall predictor of death, disability, and disease?
Regular physical activity
It is crucial for both primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases.
How much can cardiovascular fitness lower the risk of developing heart disease?
Two to four times less likely
This is significant across an individual’s lifespan.
What are the estimated yearly healthcare costs attributed to physical inactivity in the United States?
$117 billion
This cost is expected to rise due to increasing physical inactivity.
What is the global economic loss projected due to chronic disease by 2030?
$47 trillion
This figure was estimated in a study by Harvard University.
What is a risk factor?
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury
Risk factors are crucial in understanding health conditions.
What is the general measure used internationally for defining overweight and obesity?
Body mass index (BMI)
BMI is calculated using weight and height.
What is the BMI classification for obesity?
30.0 and above
Obesity has various health risks associated with it.
What is atherosclerosis?
The process by which plaque is formed in the arteries
This leads to reduced blood flow and can result in heart attacks and strokes.
What is ischemic heart disease?
Narrowing of coronary arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the heart
It is the most common type of heart disease.
What is hypertension categorized by?
Blood pressure greater than 120/80 mm Hg
It is a primary risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Systolic is the pressure during heartbeats; diastolic is the pressure when the heart is at rest
Both are measured in mm Hg.
What lifestyle modifications can help control hypertension?
- Smoking cessation
- Diet improvement
- Increased physical activity
These modifications are critical for managing high blood pressure.
What is the primary treatment approach for individuals diagnosed with hypertension?
Combination of lifestyle modification and medication
Exercise can also aid in long-term blood pressure control.
What is cholesterol?
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells
Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to various health issues.
What is the major cause of disease burden worldwide related to cholesterol?
Elevated total cholesterol, known as dyslipidemia
Chronically elevated cholesterol levels increase the risks of heart disease and stroke.
What is cholesterol made of?
A combination of protein and fatty acids, known as a lipoprotein
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood.
What are the two main types of cholesterol?
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
What is LDL cholesterol often referred to as?
Bad cholesterol
LDL increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and contributes to plaque that clogs arteries.
What is HDL cholesterol often referred to as?
Good cholesterol
HDL helps remove some LDL cholesterol from the body.
What is the ideal LDL cholesterol level?
Less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
What should HDL levels typically be kept around to reduce heart disease risk?
Around 60 mg/dL
