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VZOO Lec Exam > Lesson 3: Principles of Development > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Principles of Development Flashcards

1
Q

A series of progressive changes in an individual from its beginning to maturity.

A

Development

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2
Q

Development begins when a fertilized egg divides _________.

A

mitotically

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3
Q

Specialization occurs as a __________.

A

hierarchy of developmental “decisions”

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4
Q

Many eggs release a ____________ that attracts sperm of the same species.

A

chemical molecule

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5
Q

Fertilization Process of Sea Urchins

A
  1. Contact and Recognition Between Egg and Sperm.
  2. Sea urchin sperm penetrate a jelly layer surrounding egg.
  3. Contacts the vitelline envelope
  4. Egg-recognition protein binds to species-specific sperm receptors on the vitelline envelope.
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6
Q

Thin membrane above the egg plasma membrane

A

Vitelline Envelope

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7
Q

It ensure that an egg recognizes only sperm of the same species

A

Egg-recognition protein
Species-specific sperm receptors

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8
Q

Stages of Development

A

GFC GOG

Gamete formation
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Growth

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9
Q

It is where sperm and egg form, mature

A

Gamete Formation

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10
Q

Fusion of egg and sperm

A

Fertilization

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11
Q

It is where the embryo divides repeatedly

A

Cleavage

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12
Q

What do you call when body organs form, cells interact, differentiate

A

Organogenesis

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13
Q

What do you call when organs increase in size, and adult body form obtained.

A

Growth

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14
Q

The entry of more than one sperm

A

Polyspermy

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15
Q

Preventions of Polyspermy

A
  1. Fertilization cone forms where the sperm contacts the vitelline membrane
  2. The cortical reaction follows
  3. Creates an osmotic gradient
  4. Elevates the envelope
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16
Q

In the sea urchin, an electrical potential rapidly spreads across the membrane called ________.

A

fast block

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17
Q

A fusion of thousands of enzyme-rich cortical granules with the egg membrane

A

Cortical Reaction

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18
Q

It is called ____________ when water rushes into space

A

Osmotic Gradient

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19
Q

After sperm and egg membranes fuse, sperm loses its ________.

A

flagellum

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20
Q

Fusion of male and female nuclei forms a ____________.

A

diploid zygote nucleus

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21
Q

Fertilized egg is called a ____________.

A

zygote

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22
Q

Large cytoplasmic mass converted into small maneuverable cells

A

Blastomeres

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23
Q

Cleavage crates a cluster of cells called

A

Blastula

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24
Q

Cleavage Types

A

Holoblastic
Meroblastic

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25
A type of cleavage where cells divide sitting on top of yolk. (Too much yolk and yolk can’t divide) Examples are ________,________,______
Meroblastic birds, reptiles, fish
26
Cleavage extends the entire length of the egg. (Egg does not contain a lot of yolk) Examples include _______, _______,_______
Holoblastic Mammals, Sea Starts, Worms
27
Egg Types and Cleavage
Isolecithal Mesolecithal Telolecithal
28
An egg type where it contains a very little yolk, evenly distributed. It uses ___________ cleavage - full cleavage
Isolecithal Holoblastic Cleavage
29
A type of egg it has moderate yolk and uses __________ cleavage.
Mesolecithal Holoblastic Cleavage
30
A type of egg where it has an abundance of yolk it uses _______ cleavage- partial cleavage
Telolecithal Meroblastic Cleavage
31
During blastula stage, ___________ forms.
First germ layer
32
Cells are arranged around a fluid-filled cavity called the
blastocoel
33
It is a result in the formation of second germ layer
Gastrulation
34
The only opening into the embryonic guy is the _________. It can either be _________ or __________ gut.
blastopore Blind or Incomplete Gut
35
An opening that does not fully extend to the other side.
Blind Gut
36
An opening where it extends and produces a second opening, the _______.
Complete Gut anus
37
Animals with two germ layers are called
Diploblastic (Endoderm and Ectoderm)
38
Animals with 3 germ layers are called
Triploblastic
39
The 3rd germ layer forms between the ________ and the ________.
Endoderm and Ectoderm
40
Mesoderm arises from __________.
Endoderm
41
Gastrula has an ________ layer of ectoderm and an ________ layer of endoderm
Outer Inner
42
The internal cavity is called
Gastrocoel
43
3 Germ Layers
Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm
44
The ectoderm contains the _________ and _________ system.
Epithelium and Nervous System
45
Endoderm contains the epithelial lining of the __________, and ________ tract, ________, _______.
Digestive and Respiratory Tract Liver Pancreas
46
Mesoderm contains the _________ and __________ system, _______,_________,______.
Muscular and Reproductive System Bone Kidneys Blood
47
A body cavity surrounded by mesoderm
Coelom
48
Animals without coelom are called
Acoelomates
49
The method by which the coelom form is an ____________
inherited character
50
2 Major Groups Triploblastic Animals
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
51
4 Developmental Characters of Triploblastic Animals
*Cleavage Patterns* (radial or spiral) *Fate of Blastopore* (mouth or anus) *Coelom Formation* *Embryo Type* (Regulative or Mosaic)
52
Fate of Blastopore in Deuterostome Embryos
Develop a complete gut Blastopore becomes the anus Second opening becomes the mouth
53
Fate of Blastopore in Protostome Embryos
Blastopore becomes the mouth Anus forms from a second opening
54
Mesoderm sides push outward and expand into a _______________
pouch-like compartment
55
2 Groups of Eucoelomates (Gi search ko sa internet para mas ma gets ko)
Enterocoely and Schizocoely
56
In deuterostomes, the mesoderm pinches off to form the coelom in a process called __________.
enterocoely
57
In protostomes, part of the mesoderm separates to form the coelom in a process called ___________.
schizocoely
58
All vertebrate embryos shared chordate hallmarks. What are these?
NDPVD Notochord Dorsal Neutral Tube Pharyngeal gill pouches with aortic arches Ventral Heart Post anal Tai
59
Fluid-filled sad that encloses the embryo
Amnion
60
4 Extraembryonic Membrane of Amniotic Egg
Amnion (surrounds the embryo) Yolk Sac (stores yolk) Allantois (stores metabolic waste) Chorion (respiratory surface)
61
Primitive mammals that lays egg
Monotremes
62
Embryo born at an early stage
Marsupials
63
It represent 94% of the class Mammalia
Placental Mammals

VZOO Lec Exam (21 decks)

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