Lesson 6a: Fishes

Question 1

Earliest fish-like vertebrates were a paraphyletic group of ________ fishes.

Answer 1

Agnathan

Question 2

________ lack vertebrae; __________ have ________ vertebrae

Answer 2

Hagfishes
Lampreys, rudimentary

Question 3

Fishes descended from an unknown free-swimming _____________.

Answer 3

protochordate ancestor

Question 4

One group, the ___________ became extinct in the Carboniferous and left no direct descendants.

Answer 4

placoderms

Question 5

The dominant fishes today.

Answer 5

Bony-Fishes

Question 6

Two distinct lineages of bony-fishes.

Answer 6

Ray-finned fishes and
Lobe-finned fishes

Question 7

Class of Hagfishes

Answer 7

Class Myxini

Question 8

The _______ fishes radiated to form modern bony fishes.

Answer 8

Ray-finned

Question 9

__________ fishes are a relict group with few species today, but include the sister group of tetrapods.

Answer 9

Lobe-finned

Question 10

Class of Lampreys

Answer 10

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Question 11

Class of Cartilaginous Fishes

Answer 11

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 12

Subclass of Sharks, Skates, and Rays

Answer 12

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Question 13

Class of Bony Fishes

Answer 13

Class Osteichthyes

Question 14

Class of Ray-finned fishes

Answer 14

Class Actinopterygii

Question 15

In the senses of sharks,

the lateral line consists of _____ in tubes and pores on the side of the body.

Answer 15

neuromasts

Question 16

Sharks are guided by bioelectric fields called ___________, the ampullae of Lorenzini and is located on the shark’s head.

Answer 16

Electroreceptors

Question 17

Some oviparous sharks and rays lay a capsule or ___________ that catches onto kelp with tendrils.

Answer 17

mermaid’s purse

Question 18

The _________ tail allowed greater speed and buoyancy.

Answer 18

homocercal

Question 19

During the Paleozoic, the tail became symmetrical with continuous fin known as __________.

Answer 19

diphycercal

Question 20

These fish were well presented in the Devonian but became extinct by the lower Permian

Answer 20

Acanthodians

Question 21

Living jawless fishes? ________ and __________

(part siya ng Agnatha group)

Answer 21

lampreys and hagfishes

Question 22

What type of form when a species of fish live in salt water then live in freshwater to spawn and die?

Answer 22

Anadromous form

Question 23

How about when a species of fish live in freshwater to salt water?

Answer 23

Catadromous form

Question 24

Members of this small subclass are remnant of a line that diverge from the earliest shark lineage.

Answer 24

Subclass Holocephali: The Chimeras

Question 25

________ constitute 96% of all living fishes and half of all vertebrates.

Answer 25

Teleosts

Question 26

Class of Lobe-finned fishes

Answer 26

Class Sarcopterygii

Question 27

Most efficient flotation device?

Answer 27

Swim bladder

Question 28

The shark liver has __________, that acts to keep sharks a little buoyant.

Answer 28

squaline

Question 29

Freshwater fishes are ____________ regulators.

Answer 29

hyperosmotic

Question 30

Process of maintenance of salt and water balance

Answer 30

Osmotic Regulation

Question 31

What are the living jawless fishes

Answer 31

Hagfishes and Lampreys

Question 32

After whales, _______ are the largest living vertebrates.

Answer 32

Sharks

Question 33

This pattern is called ________ where the tail has a longer upper lobe.

Answer 33

Heterocercal

Question 34

Sharks that retain embryos are _________: if the embryo is nourished by yolk.

Answer 34

Ovoviparous

Question 35

True ______ reproduction occurs where embryos receive nourishment from the maternal bloodstream from nutritive secretions of the mother

Answer 35

Viviparous

Question 36

What are the 3 features that unite bony fishes and tetrapod descendants .

Answer 36

ELC 1. Endochondral bone 2. Lung or Swim bladder 3. Cranial and dental characters.

Question 37

The skin of lobe-finned fishes is covered with heavy scales consisting of ________ overlaid by thin enamel.

Answer 37

Cosmine

Question 38

Living fossils that arose from the Devonian period

Answer 38

Coelacanths

Question 39

The gills are inside the pharyngeal cavity and covered with a movable flap called _______.

Answer 39

operculum

Question 40

Some active fishes uses _________ where forward movement is sufficient to force eater across gills

Answer 40

ram ventilation

Question 41

Marine bony fishes are __________ regulators

Answer 41

hypoosmotic