Lesson 6: Chordates

Question 1

Major identifying characteristics of chordates.

Answer 1

NDPEP

1. Notochord
2. Dorsal tubular nerve cord
3. Pharyngeal (gill) slits
4. Endostyle or Thyroid Gland
5. Post-anal tail

Question 2

Oldest known chordate fossil is from the ________.

Answer 2

Ediacaran

Question 3

Three major subphyla of Chordates

Answer 3

Subphylum: Urochordata
Subphylum: Cephalochordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 4

The tunicates and sea squirts belong to subphylum __________?

Answer 4

Urochordata

Question 5

Human Impacts of Tunicates?

Answer 5

Antiviral and Antitumor

Question 6

Most dangerous form of skin cancer?

Answer 6

Malignant melanoma

Question 7

Lancelets belong to subphylum _______?

Answer 7

Cephalochordata

Question 8

Bears 2 folds of skin

Answer 8

Metapleural folds

Question 9

Movement with well developed “V” shaped bundles of swimming muscles?

Answer 9

myotomes (= myomeres)

Question 10

Mouth surrounded by oral hood with tentacles called _______ an a wheel organ

Answer 10

oral cirri

Question 11

Most complex group (> advanced) of animals

Answer 11

Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 12

1st true vertebrates?

Answer 12

Fish

Question 13

Notochord provides __________ and serves as main axis for ________to permit “fishlike” undulatory movements.

Answer 13

basic support
muscle attachments

Question 14

Specific kind of tissue found only in chordates

Answer 14

Endostyle or Thyroid Gland

Question 15

Post-anal tail provides _________; especially designed for ___________ in water

Answer 15

motility
propulsions

Question 16

_________ serves as respiratory organ

Answer 16

Pharynx

Question 17

Fertilization produces an elongated free-swimming larva called _______?

Answer 17

tadpole larva

Question 18

Skeletons in vertebrates is divided into __________ and __________.

Answer 18

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton (limbs)

Question 19

Vertebrates were the first to add an _________ that more effectively digest proteins.

Answer 19

acid producing stomach

Question 19

c

Answer 19

Neoteny

Question 20

Classification of vertebrates?

Answer 20

A. Jaws present or absent
B. Fins versus walking legs
C. Offspring developed within a fluid-filled sac (amnion)

Question 21

__________ = jawless
__________ = mouth with jaws

Answer 21

Agnatha
Gnathostomes

Question 22

__________ = paired fins for swimming
__________ = paired limbs for terrestial locomotion

Answer 22

Pisces
tetrapods

Question 23

_________ do not develop with fluid filled sac; eg fishes and amphibians

Answer 23

anamniotes

Question 24

A very diverse phylum but considerably less diverse than arthropods or molluscs.

Answer 24

Chordata

Question 25

This one group are barrel shaped pelagic animals with transparent gelatinous bodies.

Answer 25

Salps

Question 26

Diagram of feeding and digestion in subphylum Urochordata.

Answer 26

IS P S A E Incurrent siphon >> Pharynx (branchial sac) >> slits >> atrium >> excurrent siphon

Question 27

Slit-like openings leading from throat to outside first evolves as a filter feedlinv apparatus.

Answer 27

Pharyngeal (gill) slits

Question 28

The post-anal tail in aquatic chordates provides motility; while in terrestrial chordates it became a _______ for ______ and ________.

Answer 28

tail leverage and balance

Question 29

Type of skeleton that permits unlimited growth

Answer 29

Endoskeleton

Question 30

Some believe vertebrates arose from a _______tunicate.

Answer 30

neotenous

Question 31

The lancelets nervous system has a single ________ at front of the head.

Answer 31

ocellus

Question 32

Other term for liver in tunicates

Answer 32

Hepatic caecum

Question 33

9 Major Characteristics of Vertebrates

Answer 33

ISC MEI MIA 1. Internal joined skeleton of bone or cartilage 2. Segmented skeletal muscles (myotomes) 3. Complex skin 4. More efficient digestive system 5. Efficient respiratory systems closely tied to circulation of blood 6. Increasingly efficient circulatory system with pumping heart (2,3, or 4 chambered) 7. Most complex and best developed nervous system of all animals 8 Improved efficiency of excretory system 9. Almost all are dioecious and reproduce only sexually

Question 34

This type of skeleton surrounds the brain and serves as the “braincase”

Answer 34

Axial Skeleton

Question 35

Muscular constructions to move food through GL tract

Answer 35

peristalsis

Question 36

RBC’s is also known as

Answer 36

erythrocytes

Question 37

Responsible for the central processing and coordination

Answer 37

CNS

Question 38

conducts impulses to brain from sense organs and from brain to muscle and glands

Answer 38

PNS

Question 39

Sense organ for water vibrations

Answer 39

Lateral line

Question 40

Sense organ to detect prey

Answer 40

Electroreceptors

Question 41

Two oldest fossil in vertebrates

Answer 41

Pikia (middle Cambrian) Haikonella (early Cambrian)

Question 42

_________ is where a larval form achieves sexual reproduction

Answer 42

neoteny