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Psych 1100 > lesson 4 > Flashcards

lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information‐processing tasks

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2
Q

Cell body

A

Coordinates information‐ processing tasks and keeps the cell alive

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3
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

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4
Q

Axon

A

Transmits information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Provides insulating layer of fatty material

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6
Q

Glial cells

A

Support cells found in the nervous system

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7
Q

Synapse

A

Junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another

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8
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord

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9
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement

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10
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons

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11
Q

Communication of information within and between neurons proceeds in two stages

A

Conduction and transmission

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12
Q

Conduction and transmission together are referred to as

A

electrochemical action

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13
Q

Resting potential

A

Difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron’s cell membrane

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14
Q

Action potential

A

Electric signal that is conducted along a neuron’s axon to a synapse

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15
Q

refractory period

A

A refractory period is the time following an action potential
Another action potential can’t occur during the refractory period

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16
Q

what mv is resting potential

A

-70

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17
Q

Breaks in the myelin sheath are called

A

the nodes of Ranvier

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18
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

The electric impulse jumps from node to node, thereby speeding the conduction of information down the axon

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19
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals that transmit information across the

synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites

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20
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Knob like structures that branch out from an axon

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21
Q

Receptors

A

Parts of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate or prevent a new electric signal

22
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

23
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

24
Q

Nervous system

A

Interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body

25
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Composed of the brain and the spinal cord

26
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Connects the CNS to the body’s organs and

muscles

27
Q

Spinal reflexes

A

Simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions

28
Q

spinal cords four main parts

A

Cervical Nerves, Thoracic Nerves, Lumbar Nerves, Sacral Nerves

29
Q

Hindbrain

A

Coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord, and controls the basic functions of life

30
Q

Midbrain

A

Important for orientation and movement

31
Q

Forebrain

A

Highest level of brain; critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions

32
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behaviour; also part of the limbic system

34
Q

Pituitary gland

A

“Master gland” of the body’s hormone‐producing system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body

35
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements

36
Q

Limbic system

A

Group of forebrain structures involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory

37
Q

Hippocampus

A

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

38
Q

Amygdala

A

Plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories

39
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Processes visual information

40
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Processes information about touch

41
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Responsible for hearing and language

42
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgment

43
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Represents skin areas on contralateral surface of body

44
Q

Homunculus

A

Rendering of the body in which each part is shown in proportion to show how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to it

45
Q

Association areas

A

Composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex

46
Q

Gene

A

Unit of hereditary transmission; sections on strands of DNA organized into chromosomes

47
Q

Chromosomes

A

Strands of DNA wound around each other in a double‐helix configuration

48
Q

Degree of relatedness

A

Monozygotic versus dizygotic twins

49
Q

Heritability

A

Measure of the variability of behavioural traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

50
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Device used to record electrical activity in the brain

51
Q

Hubel and Wiesel

A

Inserted electrodes into the brains of anesthetized cats; discovery of feature detectors by mapping visual cortex

Psych 1100 (9 decks)

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