lesson 6

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind

Question 2

Phenomenology

Answer 2

How things seem to the conscious person

Question 3

Problem of other minds

Answer 3

Fundamental difficulty we have in

perceiving the consciousness of others

Question 4

Seat of the soul

Answer 4

Descartes imagined that the seat of the soul—and consciousness—is the pineal gland located in the ventricles of the brain.

Question 5

Intentionality

Answer 5

Being directed toward an object

Question 6

Unity

Answer 6

Resistance to division

Question 7

Selectivity

Answer 7

Capacity to include some objects but not others

Question 8

Transience

Answer 8

Tendency to change

Question 9

Minimal consciousness

Answer 9

Low‐level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviour

Question 10

Full consciousness

Answer 10

Consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 11

Self‐consciousness

Answer 11

Distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

Question 12

Ironic processes of mental control

Answer 12

Mental processes that can produce ironic

errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them

Question 13

Thought suppression

Answer 13

Conscious avoidance of a thought

Question 14

Rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 14

Tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

Question 15

Dynamic unconscious

Answer 15

Active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces; described by Freud

Question 16

Repression

Answer 16

Mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Question 17

Cognitive unconscious

Answer 17

Mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour even though they are not experienced by the person

Question 18

Subliminal perception

Answer 18

A thought or behaviour that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving; controversial

Question 19

Altered state of consciousness

Answer 19

Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind

Question 20

Circadian rhythm

Answer 20

Naturally occurring 24‐hour cycle

Question 21

REM sleep

Answer 21

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

Question 22

insomnia

Answer 22

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Question 23

Sleep apnea

Answer 23

Person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

Question 24

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 24

Occurs when the person arises and walks around during sleep

Question 25

Narcolepsy

Answer 25

Sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

Question 26

Sleep paralysis

Answer 26

Experience of waking up unable to move

Question 27

Night terrors (sleep terrors)

Answer 27

Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Question 28

There are five major characteristics that distinguish dreaming from waking consciousness

Answer 28

``` – Intense emotion – Illogical thought – Meaningful sensation – Uncritical acceptance – Difficulty remembering ```

Question 29

Manifest content

Answer 29

Dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning

Question 30

Latent content

Answer 30

Dream’s true underlying meaning

Question 31

Psychoactive drug

Answer 31

Chemical that influences consciousness or behaviour by | altering the brain’s chemical message system

Question 32

5 categories of drugs

Answer 32

``` – Depressants – Stimulants – Narcotics – Hallucinogens – Marijuana ```

Question 33

Depressants

Answer 33

Substances that reduce the activity of the CNS

Question 34

Expectancy theory

Answer 34

Idea that alcohol effects can be pronounced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

Question 35

Alcohol myopia

Answer 35

Condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

Question 36

Stimulants

Answer 36

Substances that excite the CNS, heightening arousal and activity levels. Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 37

Narcotics (opiates)

Answer 37

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain, heroin, morphine

Question 38

Hallucinogens

Answer 38

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

Question 39

Hypnosis

Answer 39

Altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily

Question 40

Posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 40

the failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions

Question 41

Hypnotic analgesia

Answer 41

Reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis