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lesson 5 Flashcards

lawl (64 cards)

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1
Q

Sowing seeds or other planting materials directly in the field where they will be grown

A

Direct planting

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2
Q

Seeds are scattered evenly

A

Broadcast method

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3
Q

How is the broadcast method done?

A

manually or with seed spreaders

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4
Q

Spreading seeds evenly as possible along equally spaced rows

A

Drill method

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5
Q

When is the drill method done?

A

after setting the rows with the use of a furrower

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6
Q

What is used for the drill method?

A

mechanical planters or drum seeders

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7
Q

Evenly spaced spots along equally spaced rows

A

Hill method (Also called Dibbling)

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8
Q

Where is the hill method used?

A

along mountain slopes

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9
Q

How many seeds are planted in each spot or hill

(Hill method)

A

one or more seeds

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10
Q

What is used for the hill method?

A

long wood or bamboo pole with a metal scoop

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11
Q

Seeds or other planting materials are first down or planted on specially prepared seedbed seed boxes or individual containers in a nursery before they are transferred to the field

A

Transplanting

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12
Q

What is the reason for transplanting

A
  • minimize waste of expensive seeds
  • provide care for seedlings
  • done for crops with very small seeds
  • done for seeds with uncertain viability
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13
Q

What is the first step in planting on seed boxes or seedbeds

A

make shallow evenly spaced furrows on the surface of seeds boxes or seedbeds

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14
Q

Where do you sow the seeds when planting on seed boxes or seedbeds

A

along the furrows

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15
Q

How is water alloted in seed boxes?

A

soaking its base in a tray filled with water

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16
Q

What do we have to consider when transplanting?

A
  • transplant in the afternoon or during a cloudy day
  • enough moisture in the soil
  • extra careful to the roots of the seedlings
  • avoid disturbing the ball of soil
  • better to water these plants after transplanting
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17
Q

Done by sowing pre-germinated seeds in the well puddled field

A

Direct seeding (wetland rice)

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18
Q

soaking the rice seeds in water

A

pre-germination

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19
Q

How long do we have to soak the rice seeds in water?

A

12-24 hrs, until the radicle emerges

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20
Q

What are the method/s under direct planting (wetland rice)?

A

Broadcast

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21
Q

What are the advantages in Direct planting?

A
  • Less labor
  • Usually mature earlier
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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of direct planting?

A
  • More seeds required
  • Exposed to rats and birds
  • Weed competition
  • Tall varieties are mo prone to lodging
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23
Q

What varieties are prone to lodging?

A

Tall varieties

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24
Q

What are the methods under transplanting wetland rice?

A
  • Dapog
  • Wetbed
  • Dry bed
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25
Pre-germinated seeds sown on plastic, coarse paper, banana leaves or similar materials on top of a flat surface
Dapog
26
Dapog - What is the ratio for 1.0m² area
1.5 kg to 3 kg
27
Dapog - What is the ratio for 1 ha area
40 kg
28
Dapog - When are seedlings regularly and transplanted
9 to 14 days
29
Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated - 10m2 seedbed
1.0 kg pre-germinated seeds
30
Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?
50 kg
31
When the water level in the seedbed rises, what happens to the seedlings?
grow bigger
32
When will be the seedlings be transplanted, wetbed method?
21-28 d
33
What method are suitable for irrigated wetland riceculture?
dapog and wetbed
34
Dry bed - how many pre-germinated seeds is needed for 10m2 seedbed
1.0kg pre-germinated seeds
35
Dry bed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?
50 kg
36
Dry bed - When will be the seedlings be sprinkled?
when only needed
37
What method is suitable for rainfed wetland rice culture?
dry bed
38
What are the methods of transplanting seedlings?
- Random method - Straight row
39
does not follow regular spacing
Random method
40
Random method - where does the distances depend?
judgement of the farmer
41
What do we utilize when using straight row method?
planting guides or wooden markers to plant at regular spacing
42
What is the measurements for straight row method, square or rectangular?
20 cm x 20 cm, 25 cm x 25 cm, 35 cm x 35 cm
43
similar to the square method but with an additional tree planted at the center of each square
Quincunx or diagonal
44
suitable for planting filler trees
Quincunx or diagonal
45
conventional method
Square
46
easiest and simplest method
Square
47
highly applicable for mechanized farm operations
Square
48
planting trees in an equilateral triangle pattern
Triangular or hexagonal
49
permits planting of more trees per unit area
Triangular or hexagonal
50
applicable for sloping areas
Contour system
51
effective in reducing soil erosion
Contour system
52
What are the factors affecting the layout to follow?
1. topography 2. existing vegetation 3. characteristic of crop or crop combination 4. possibility of mechanization
53
What are the steps in establishment of an orchard?
1.Clearing 2.Laying-out or staking 3.Digging holes 4.Planting 5.Maintenance
54
What are the other important considerations in planting?
- Crop density - Optimum plant density - Orientation of crop rows - Ridge and Furrow planting
55
number of plants in a given area
CROP DENSITY
56
How is density determined?
spacing
57
ideal number of plants grown per unit area
Optimum plant density
58
What does the optimum plant density depend on?
- Characteristics of the plant - Season - Fertility of the soil
59
What is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area?
east to west
60
Why is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area east to west?
to avoid shading between rows
61
What is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area?
along the contours
62
Why is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area along the contours?
to reduce soil erosion
63
generally recommended during wet season
Planting on Ridges
64
generally recommended during the dry season
Planting on Furrows

LSE (6 decks)

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