lesson 7

Question 1

the branch of science which deals with the chemical elements and compounds that are essential for the growth of the plant.

Answer 1

Plant Nutrition

Question 2

Classification according to the Amount of Nutrients Needed by the Plant

Answer 2

a. Macronutrient
b. Micronutrient

Question 3

Classification according to Mobility

Answer 3

a. Mobile
b. Immobile

Question 4

Classification according to Essentiality

Answer 4

a. Essential Elements
b. Beneficial Elements

Question 5

nutrients taken by plants in relatively large quantities

Answer 5

Macronutrients

Question 6

nutrients taken in relatively smaller amounts

Answer 6

Micronutrient

Question 7

nutrients can move from older leaves to younger plant parts when they are insufficient.

Answer 7

Mobile

Question 8

cannot move from one plant part to another

Answer 8

Immobile

Question 8

important only for certain plant species or group

Answer 8

Beneficial Elements

Question 9

continuous absorption and harvesting of crops without replenishing the soil with
the nutrients used up

Answer 9

Crop removal

Question 9

needed for the normal growth of reproduction of plants or to complete its life
cycle.

Answer 9

Essential Elements

Question 10

What are the reasons for decline of soil fertility

Answer 10

1. Soil erosion
2. Crop removal
3. Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms

Question 10

physical loss and displacement of the fertile topsoil

Answer 10

Soil erosion

Question 11

Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms

Answer 11

a. Combination with other elements forming insoluble forms
b. Microbial mediated transformations
c. Volatilization (especially nitrogen)
d. Leaching

Question 12

severe localized yellowing; scorched appearance.

Answer 12

Burning

Question 13

general yellowing of the plant tissue; lack of chlorophyll.

Answer 13

Chlorosis

Question 14

symptoms not limited to one area of a plant, but rather spread over the entire plant

Answer 14

Generalized

Question 15

not able to be moved from one part of the plant to another.

Answer 15

Immobile Nutrient

Question 16

yellowing in between leaf veins, yet veins remain green.

Answer 16

Interveinal Chlorosis

Question 17

symptoms limited to one leaf or one section of the leaf or plant

Answer 17

Localized

Question 18

able to be moved from one plant part to another

Answer 18

Mobile Nutrient

Question 19

spotted, irregular, inconsistent pattern.

Answer 19

Mottling

Question 20

death of plant tissue; tissue browns and dies

Answer 20

Necrosis

Question 21

decreased growth; shorter height of the affected plants

Answer 21

Stunting

Question 22

Refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity

Answer 22

Integrated Nutrient Management

Question 23

How is INM achieved?

Answer 23

through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic, and biological components in an integrated manner.

Question 24

The aim of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)

Answer 24

* Reduce inorganic fertilizer use * Enhance efficient nutrient use * Restore organic matter in the soil * Enhance and sustain soil health * Increase farm income * Protect the environment

Question 25

Natural sources of nutrient for crops

Answer 25

* soil * water * air

Question 26

What builds up in the soil natural sources cannot meet the total nutrients requirement of the crop?

Answer 26

nutrient consumption gap

Question 27

What are the components of the INM system

Answer 27

1. Chemical fertilizers 2. Organic sources 3. fertilizers 4. Leguminous crops

Question 28

provide immediate effect on crop yields

Answer 28

Chemical fertilizers

Question 29

can adversely reduce soil fertility and lead to soil and water pollution

Answer 29

Chemical fertilizers

Question 30

What do fertilizers use when using inorganic fertilizer is very low?

Answer 30

efficiency

Question 31

Biological in nature

Answer 31

Organic sources

Question 32

Environment friendly.

Answer 32

Organic sources

Question 33

Improves soil fertility and physical characteristics

Answer 33

Organic sources

Question 34

Source of secondary essential nutrients and micronutrients.

Answer 34

Organic sources

Question 35

Improves the nutrient status of the soil by fixation or mobilization/solubilization of essential nutrients

Answer 35

Bio fertilizers

Question 36

What are the benefits of bio fertilizers?

Answer 36

* Nitrogen fixation * Solubilization of Phosphorus * Enhancement of nutrient and water absorption * Decomposition of organic materials * Biofertilizers Increase fertilizer use efficiency * Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and mycorrhizal fungi are some examples of bio fertilizers.

Question 37

the process where nitrogen is converted to ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds through the symbiotic interaction of soil bacteria called rhizobia and root nodule in the roots of legumes.

Answer 37

Nitrogen fixation

Question 38

Where can legumes be used?

Answer 38

* green manuring * intercropping * crop rotation

Question 39

Issues for effective Adoption of INM

Answer 39

* Composting of agricultural waste should be boosted * Green manuring should be popularized together with making available seeds of green manure crops * Encourage use of biofertilizers * Farmers be educated on the benefits of INM.

Question 40

an innovative technique that has been developed to cultivate plants which does not necessitate soil, but instead placed on a nutrient enriched solution.

Answer 40

Hydroponics

Question 41

a low-cost hydroponics system for soil-less vegetable production.

Answer 41

Simple Nutrient Addition Program (SNAP) Hydroponics

Question 42

Where is SNAP hydroponics ideal?

Answer 42

best for home-based vegetable production and ideal for small spaces typical in urban area.

Question 43

Advantages of SNAP Hydroponics

Answer 43

* Efficient utilization of space * Simple to set-up and operate * Can be made from recycled materials * Low water and energy consumption * High return of investment * Crops tend to grow healthier and faster