LESSON 7

Question 1

This is a method that uses a lancet to make a small incision into the capillary bed of the skin to obtain a small volume of blood specimen.

Answer 1

Capillary puncture or skin puncture

Question 2

These are sterile, sharp instruments that are intended for one-time use only.

Answer 2

Lancet/Incision devices

Question 3

They are designed for use in making cuts in the skin for finger or heel puncture.

Answer 3

Lancet/Incision devices

Question 4

This is a type of lancet that produces a small hole in the skin by vaporizing water in the skin.

Answer 4

Laser lancet

Question 5

This eliminates the risk of sharp injury because cauterizing the skin is not necessary.
There are 2 types that are used in capillary puncture:

Answer 5

Laser lancet

finger puncture lancet and heel puncture lancet.

Question 6

This container is a small plastic tube used to hold blood specimen collected in the capillary puncture.

Answer 6

Microcollection container Also known as microtube

Question 7

It has markings on the side that show the minimum and maximum fill levels and, occasionally, comes with a narrow capillary tube.

Answer 7

Microcollection container Also known as microtube

Question 8

These are narrow bore tubes that are made of either ____or ____. They are typically used for _____. They can hold ___ to ____ and filled by capillary action. One end is sealed with sealants made of ___or____

Answer 8

Microhematocrit tubes and sealants

plastic or glass

hematocrit determinations

50 to 75 microliter

clay or plastic

Question 9

these are used for blood films for hematology determinations.

Answer 9

Microscope slides

Question 10

these are used to increase the blood flow seven-fold by warming the puncture site.

Answer 10

Warming devices

Question 11

this is a special equipment used for collecting capillary blood gas (CBG) specimen, which contains CBG collection tubes, stirrers, magnet, and plastic caps.

Answer 11

Capillary blood gas (CBG) equipment

Question 12

The _____ is a mixture of different blood and fluids which include the following:

Answer 12

Capillary blood specimen

arterial blood, venous blood, capillary blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.

Question 13

This is the bright red blood found in the pulmonary vein, left chamber of the heart, and the arteries.

Answer 13

Arterial blood

Question 14

It is the oxygenated blood in the circulatory system.

Answer 14

Arterial blood

Question 15

This is the blood that travels from the peripheral veins passing through the venous system then through the right chamber of the heart.

Answer 15

Venous blood

Question 16

This is dark red in color because it is deoxygenated.

Answer 16

Venous blood

Question 17

This is the preferred specimen for infants, young children, elderly patients, and patients with severe burns.

Answer 17

Capillary blood

Question 18

It is extracted from the venules and arterioles found in the capillary bed.

Answer 18

Capillary blood

Question 19

It fills the spaces around the cells, filtered from the blood capillaries, and drained away as lymph.

Answer 19

Interstitial fluid

Question 20

This is found inside the cells.

Answer 20

Intracellular fluid

Question 21

It facilitates the movement of fluid in the membrane and blocks the entrance of unwanted materials.

Answer 21

Intracellular fluid

Question 22

The ____ may vary from the venous values.
The concentration of the glucose in the blood is ___ while the total protein (TP), calcium (Ca+), and potassium (K concentrations
are ____.

Answer 22

capillary reference values

higher

lower

Question 23

This could be a good alternative to venipuncture for adults and older children under the following circumstances: (5)

Answer 23

Capillary specimen

(1) veins are fragile and not accessible because of sears and burns

(2) veins are reserved for another procedure such as chemotherapy

(3) clotting tendencies

(4) extreme fear of needles

(5) veins will be used for glucose monitoring or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Question 24

This is also the preferred method for infants and young children because of the following reasons: (6)

Answer 24

Capillary specimen

(1) health risks such as anemia and cardiac arrest

(2) requires only a small volume of blood

(3) venipuncture could damage veins and tissues surrounding the site

(4) puncturing could result in hemorrhage, thrombosis, gangrene, and infection

(5) risk of injury because of the restraint needed in venipuncture

(6) capillary blood is the preferred specimen.

Question 25

This should not be used for erythrocyte sedimentation rate methods, blood cultures, and studies that need plasma specimen or have large volume specimen requirement.

Answer 25

Capillary puncture

Question 26

Capillary Blood Collection Order of Draw

Answer 26

1. Blood gas 2. EDTA 3. Lithium Heparin 4. Lithium Heparin with Gel separator 5. Sodium Fluoride / Potassium Oxalate 6. Serum - Clot Activator 7. Serum - No additive 8. Newborn Blood Spot card

Question 27

MIX: Blood gas

Answer 27

Caps ends, rotate between palms to mix

Question 28

MIX: EDTA

Answer 28

10

Question 29

MIX: Lithium Heparin

Answer 29

10

Question 30

MIX: Lithium Heparin with gel separator

Answer 30

10

Question 31

MIX: Sodium Fluoride/Potassium Oxalate

Answer 31

10

Question 32

MIX: Serum - Clot Activator

Answer 32

5

Question 33

MIX: Serum - No additive

Answer 33

0

Question 34

MIX: Newborn Blood Spot card

Answer 34

Recommended to be collected separately

Question 35

During finger puncture, the patient's arm should be placed on a ___. His/Her arms should be ____, and his/her palms are ____.

Answer 35

firm surface extended facing up

Question 36

If the patient is a young child, he/she should be placed on the ____

Answer 36

lap of his/her guardian.

Question 37

The ____ should be performed with the baby in a supine position and his/her foot not lower than his/her torso.

Answer 37

infant heel puncture

Question 38

The puncture site for capillary is/are?

Answer 38

Middle and ring finger

Question 39

for infants, the incision site should be less than _______ deep. To avoid bone damage, the incision recommended site should be on the _____ of the heel or on the ___or____

Answer 39

2.0 mm plantar surface median or lateral edge

Question 40

This increases the blood circulation in the area for up to ____. With a warm washcloth or towel the site should be warmed for ____ to _____. Warming is usually done when the specimen is for ____ or ____. It is also recommended for heel sticks.

Answer 40

Warming the incision site seven times 3 to 5 minutes pH or blood gas specimen collection

Question 41

The incision site should be cleaned and sanitized using

Answer 41

antiseptic or 70% isopropyl alcohol.

Question 42

The first blood drop should be wiped away because it may be contaminated with

Answer 42

excess tissue fluid

Question 43

The phlebotomist should prioritize the ___,____,and ____to avoid clumping and clotting.

Answer 43

collection of slides, Platelet counts, and other hematology specimens

Question 44

This is a blood test that is used to check abnormalities in the blood cells. A small drop of blood is placed near the frosted end of the glass side. Another slide is used to spread the blood in a thin film over the slide. It is then air-dried and stained.

Answer 44

Routine blood film/smear preparation

Question 45

This is used to determine if the patient has malaria, which is diagnosed by its presence in the peripheral blood smear. The procedure starts by placing a large drop of blood in the center of the slide. The blood drop is spread until it is about the size of a dime, using a cover slip or another slide. This should be air-dried for at least 2 hours before staining.

Answer 45

Thick blood smear preparation

Question 46

This is recommended for infants and small children. The blood samples are collected on the same site as routine capillary puncture specimens.

Answer 46

Capillary blood gas specimen by heel puncture

Question 47

This is used to help determine any liver disorder in infants. This is collected with a ____.

Answer 47

Neonatal bilirubin collection heel stick

Question 48

Neonatal bilirubin collection is used to help determine any liver disorder in infants. This is collected with a heel stick. Specimen Required: Supplies: ___ Collection Container/Tube: Preferred:____ Acceptable:____ Submission Container/Tube:_____ Specimen Volume: ___ Collection Instructions: 1. Serum gel microtainers should be centrifuged within ____ of collection. 2. Red-top microtainers should be centrifuged and aliquoted within ____ of collection.

Answer 48

Amber-frosted tube, 5 mL (T192) 2 Serum gel microtainers 2 Red-top microtainers Amber vial (T192) 0.5 mL 2 hours 2 hours

Question 49

This is done as part of the routine check for infants to determine inborn disorders such as phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism and galactosemia, and cystic fibrosis.

Answer 49

Newborn/neonatal screening

Question 50

This is done ___to ____ hours after the baby is born, in which a few drops of blood are collected through heel stick to determine disorders that are not apparent at birth and could lead to disability or even death.

Answer 50

Newborn screening blood spot collection 24 to 48 hours