LESSON 9 (FINALS)

Question 1

The result of a test is compromised when the proper collection procedures, storage, processing, and transporting protocol are not allowed in the ____

Answer 1

pre-analytical phase

Question 2

Studies show that approximate ________ of laboratory errors occur prior to analysis.

Answer 2

46% to 68%

Question 3

It is the responsibility of ______ to follow all the appropriate steps required for each test that they are scheduled to perform.

Answer 3

phlebotomists

Question 4

The number of inversion depends on the type of additive, but it is usually between ___ to ___ gentle inversions.

Answer 4

3 to 10

Question 5

Handling specimens for transport to the laboratory should be done properly because rough handling can lead to undesired conditions which might: (4)

Answer 5

hemolyze the specimens
activate platelets
affect the coagulation
even break the glass tube

Question 6

The specimen tubes should be transported with the stopper to: (3)

Answer 6

1. avoid contact between contents and the stopper
2. minimize agitation of the specimen
3. aid clot formation for serum tubes.

Question 7

The tubes are placed in ____ with a _____ and a _____ for the appropriate paperwork or documentation.

Answer 7

liquid-tight closure plastic bags

visible biohazard logo

slip pocket

Question 8

This is needed when handling blood specimen to protect its
condition and quality.

Answer 8

Special care

Question 9

The specimen will _____ or _____ if allowed to cool below body temperature; it should be transported at near body temperature of ____.

Answer 9

precipitate or agglutinate

37°C

Question 10

The tubes should also be pre-warmed at ___ and ____ are used during transport, which could hold the temperature for _____ from removal from the incubator.

Answer 10

37°C

portable heat blocks

15 minutes

Question 11

A ______ can be used for specimens that can withstand a temperature slightly higher than 37°C.

Answer 11

heel warmer

Question 12

Body Temperature
The specimen will precipitate or agglutinate if allowed to cool below body temperature; it should be transported at near body temperature of 37°C. The tubes should also be pre-warmed at 37°C and portable heat blocks are used during transport, which could hold the temperature for 15 minutes from removal from the incubator. A heel warmer can be used for specimens that can withstand a temperature slightly higher than 37°C. The Examples are? (3)

Answer 12

Cold agglutinin
cryofibrinogen
cryoglobulins

Question 13

This slows the metabolic process, which could affect the results for some specimens.

Answer 13

Chilling

Question 14

The specimen tube should be _____ in crushed ice and water slurry during transport and immediately tested or refrigerated, if necessary.

Answer 14

completely submerged

Question 15

The specimen tube should be completely submerged in crushed ice and water slurry during ____ and ____ or ____, if necessary

Answer 15

Transport

immediately tested or refrigerated

Question 16

Chilled Specimen
Chilling slows the metabolic process, which could affect the results for some specimens. The specimen tube should be completely submerged in crushed ice and water slurry during transport and immediately tested or refrigerated, if necessary.
Examples are? (13)

Answer 16

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

acetone

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

ammonia

catecholamines

free fatty acids

gastrin

glucagon

homocysteine

lactic acid

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

ph/blood gas (if indicated)

pyruvate

renin

Question 17

There are cases when exposure to light can affect the result a specimen, like bilirubin. The phlebotomist should wrap the Tube with ____ or ____.

Answer 17

aluminum foil or use light-blocking, amber-colored
container

Question 18

Light-sensitive Specimen
There are cases when exposure to light can affect the result
• a specimen, like bilirubin. The phlebotomist should wrap the Tube with aluminum foll or use light-blocking, amber-colored
container. The examples are:

Answer 18

Bilirubin

Carotene

Red cell folate

Serum folate

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Urine porphyrins

Urine porphobilinogen

Question 19

The collected specimens are transported to the central processing or triage for ____ and ____. They are (3)

Answer 19

Screening and prioritizing

1. Identified
2. Logged or accessioned
3. Sorted by department and type of processing; and
4. Evaluated for specimen suitability which is necessary to get accurate results.

Question 20

Any specimen will be rejected for the following reasons:

Answer 20

1. Specimen is not identified properly.
2. It has inadequate volume to complete the test.
3. There is hemolysis.
4. Wrong tube for collection is used.
5. Tube used is outdated.
6. There is improper handling (improper mixing).
7. The specimen is contaminated.
8. Specimen is insufficient or “Quality not sufficient” (QNS).
9. Collection time is incorrect.
10. Specimen is exposed to light.
11. Procedure did not follow testing time limits.
12. There is a delay or error in processing.

Question 21

What is the meaning of QNS?

Answer 21

Quality not sufficient

Question 22

The specimen should be transported to the laboratory _____ after collection.

Answer 22

immediately

Question 23

Routine blood specimen is expected to reach the laboratory within ____

Answer 23

45 minutes.

Question 24

Centrifugation needed by the specimen should be done in ___.

Answer 24

I hour

Question 25

Hematology specimens with EDTA which are placed in tubes with lavender or purple stopper—

Answer 25

should not be centrifuged

Question 26

The delivery time limit has exceptions like a specimen that’s marked as ____ or ____ takes priority over all other specimen

Answer 26

STAT or Emergency

Question 27

Blood smear from EDTA specimen - prepared ___ from collection.

Answer 27

1 hour

Question 28

EDTA specimen for CBC - analyzed within ____ but stable ____ from collection if stored at room temperature.

Answer 28

6 hours 24 hours

Question 29

EDTA specimen for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determination - tested ___ (room temperature) and ____ (refrigerated).

Answer 29

4 hours 12 hours

Question 30

EDTA specimen for reticulocyte counts - stable for ____ (room temperature) and ____ if refrigerated.

Answer 30

6 hours 72 hours

Question 31

Glucose test drawn in sodium Fluoride tubes - stable for ____ (room temperature) but stable for up to ____ when refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C.

Answer 31

24 hours 48 hours

Question 32

Prothrombin time (PT) - stable for ____ and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) should be analyzed within ____ from collection.

Answer 32

24 hours 4 hours

Question 33

A ____ is an apparatus that is used to separate cells, plasma, or serum of blood specimens.

Answer 33

centrifuge

Question 34

This is achieved by spinning the blood tubes inside the vessel at a high speed such that the centrifugal force will cause the separation of the specimens.

Answer 34

Centrifugation

Question 35

It is important to leave the stoppers on the tube before and during centrifugation to (4) , which will affect the accuracy of the results. It must be noted that the tubes should be ____ in a centrifuge; tubes of the same Size and volume of specimen should be placed ____ one another. The process of centrifugation should ____.

Answer 35

avoid contamination, evaporation, aerosol formation, and pH changes balanced opposite not be repeated

Question 36

The ______ should be centrifuged immediately and without delay. On the other hand, the _____ needs to be completely clotted prior to centrifugation. Normally, complete clotting takes around __to___ at room temperature.

Answer 36

plasma specimen collected in tubes with anticoagulants serum specimen 30 to 60 minutes

Question 37

Although there are machines that test sample specimens directly through the stopper, most of the processes require the stopper to be removed to obtain ___ or ___

Answer 37

The serum or plasma

Question 38

Removal can be done using ___ or ____ but if there is a need to remove the stopper manually, a ___ and ____ should be used to protect the technician from any risk of contamination

Answer 38

Devices or robotics Face shield or splash shield

Question 39

A ___ or ___ is used to cover the stopper to catch drops of blood that may leak or to prevent the aerosol that may be released during the process. The tube stopper should be removed by pulling it straight up and off the tube.

Answer 39

gauze or tissue

Question 40

A/an ______ refers to a portion of a sample specimen taken for chemical analysis or testing. It is prepared when _____ are ordered on a single specimen. The preparation is done by transferring a portion of the specimen into one or more tubes that are labeled with the same information as the original specimen tube using a _____. _____ should not be put in the same aliquot tube. The phlebotomist must see to it that the ___ is covered as soon as it is filled.

Answer 40

aliquot of specimen multiple tests disposable transfer pipette Specimens with different anticoagulants tube

Question 41

-Required Protective Equipment Worn When Processing Specimen

Answer 41

OSHA Act (RA 11058)

Question 42

What does OSHA mean?

Answer 42

Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act (RA 11058)