LESSON 8 : BACTERIAL METABOLISM

Question 1

Is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

METABOLISM
it is divided into two types of chemical reactions:

Answer 2

catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction

Question 3

is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that releases energy whereby complex organic compounds are breakdown
into simpler ones.

Answer 3

catabolic reaction

Question 4

This reaction mainly uses water (hydrolytic reaction) to break chemical bonds, and produce more energy that they consume (exergonic)

Question 5

is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that
requires energy to build complex organic molecules from simpler ones.

Answer 5

anabolic reaction

Question 6

This reaction mainly releases water (dehydration synthesis reaction), and consume more energy that they produce (endergonic

Question 7

Catabolic reactions provide the building blocks for anabolic reactions and also
supply the energy needed for it in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 7

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 8

The formation or breakdown of chemical bonds is made possible by collision of atoms,
ions or molecules that are continuously moving and colliding with one another also called

Answer 8

“collision theory”

Question 9

The energy required for a chemical reaction is called

Answer 9

Activation energy

Question 11

They are substances which serve as biological catalysts that
speed up chemical reactions without them being permanently altered

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

Each enzyme
has a unique surface configuration that enables it to bind to its corresponding
substance called substrate.

Answer 12

Substrate

Question 13

This is called “lock and key model”.

Answer 13

Substrate

Question 14

factors that influence enzymatic activity are :

Answer 14

1. Temperature
2. Ph
3. Substance
4. Inhibitors

Question 15

(1) temperature:
as temperature increases the rate of chemical reactions also increases. However, once the optimal temperature is reached, chemical reaction is reduced following the
denaturation (change in structure) of enzyme.
(2) pH: the reaction also decline once
optimal pH is reached.
(3) substrate concentration,

Answer 15

(4) inhibitors: inhibits enzymatic
action; can either be competitive [compete with normal substrate for the active site]
or non-competitive inhibitor [interact with another part of the enzyme].

Question 16

The process
by which non-competitive inhibitors carry out its function is called –
inhibition wherein inhibitors bind to parts of the enzyme other than
substrate binding site.

Answer 16

allosteric or
feedback

Question 17

are a type of RNA that serving as catalyst acting specifically on
strands of RNA during protein synthesis. ENERGY

Answer 17

Ribozymes

Question 18

ENERGY PRODUCTON

Question 19

Two general aspects of energy production :

Answer 19

Concept of oxidation-reduction
2. generation of ATP

Question 20

is the removal of electron from an atom or molecule in a reaction
that produces energy.

Answer 20

Oxidation

Question 21

is gaining one or more electron

Answer 21

Reduction

Question 22

These
two reactions are always coupled, each time a molecule is oxidized
another is simultaneously reduced.

Answer 22

Oxidation-reduction

Question 23

The energy released during redox reaction is trapped by ATP within the cell
as energy reserve by addition of a phosphate group to ADP in a process
called

Answer 23

Phosphorylation

Question 24

Three mechanisms of phosphorylation

Answer 24

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
3. Photophosphorylation

Question 25

ATP is generated when a high energy P is directly transferred from phosphorylated compound to ADP

Answer 25

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 26

electrons are transferred from organic compound to a series of electron carriers in a system called electron transport chain

Question 27

occurs only in photosynthetic cells which contain chlorophyll (light energy trapping pigments) that can be converted into ATP in a process involving electron transport chain system

Answer 27

Photophosphorylation

Question 28

the most common carbohydrate energy source used by cells.

Answer 28

Glucose

Question 29

is the primary source of cellular energy in most microorganisms.

Answer 29

Oxidation od carbohydrates

Question 30

Energy production from glucose use two processes

Answer 30

1. Cellular respiration 2. Fermentation

Question 31

is oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid that occurs during the first stage of carbohydrate catabolism

Answer 31

Glycolysis

Question 32

Glycolysis it is also called

Answer 32

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Question 33

Two processes of energy production from glucose:

Question 34

an ATP-generating process wherein the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule.

Answer 34

Cellular Resporation

Question 35

2 types of cellular respiration

Answer 35

1. Aerobic respiration 2. Anaerobic respiration

Question 36

is done in a process called Krebs cycle also called as tricarboxylic cycle or citric acid cycle.

Answer 36

Aerobic respiration

Question 37

is the resulting complex of acetyl group (derived from pyruvic acid) and coenzyme A.

Answer 37

Acetyl coA

Question 38

the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen.

Answer 38

Anaerobic respiration

Question 39

generate energy from sugars and other organic molecules such as amino acids, organic acids, purines and pyrimidines by not requiring oxygen, Krebs cycle or electron transport chain system. Uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor but produces only small

Answer 39

Fermentation

Question 40

Examples of fermentation: 1. Lactic acid fermentation: end-product is lactic acid (Lactobacillus, Streptococcus) 2. Alcohol fermentation: end-product is ethanol (Saccharomyces)

Question 41

process from which microorganisms can obtain energy from inorganic substance by converting sunlight energy into chemical energy

Answer 41

Photosynthesis

Question 42

The chemical energy produced will then convert carbon dioxide in atmosphere to sugars in a process called

Answer 42

Carbon fixation

Question 43

Two stages of photosynthesis:

Answer 43

1. Light-dependent 2. Light-Independent

Question 44

uses light energy to generate energy (photophosphorylation)

Answer 44

Light- dependent (light) Rection

Question 45

Breakdown of carbon dioxide into sugar using energy generated in the first stage (Calvin-Benson cycle)

Answer 45

Light-Independent (dark) reaction

Question 46

Metabolic pathways that uses the energy generated by processes presented above

Answer 46

1. Polysaccharide biosynthesis 2. Lipid biosynthesis 3. Amino acid and protein biosynthesis 4. Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis