Lesson II: The Wood Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
- the hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrub, used for fuel or timber
A
WOOD
2
Q
- the hard fibrous substance consisting basically of xylem that makes up the greater part of the stems, branches, and roots of trees or shrubs beneath the bark and is found to a limited extent in herbaceous plants
A
WOOD
3
Q
The Plant Kingdom
Divided into:
A
(1) Thallophytes
(2) Bryophytes
(3) Pteridophytes
(4) Spermatophytes
4
Q
- simplest plants; mostly unicellular; reproduce through cell division; includes bacteria, algae and fungi
A
Thallophytes
4
Q
- represented by mosses and liverworts. This group has chlorophyll but structure is of primitive type.
A
Bryophytes
4
Q
- stems, roots and leaves possess vascular tissues but are small and short-lived, although many are considered perennials. Reproduction involves spore formation.
A
Pteridophytes
4
Q
- the seed-producing plants
A
Spermatophytes
5
Q
Spermatophytes consists
of two major groups:
A
A.Gymnosperms
B.Angiosperms
6
Q
- cone-bearing; seeds are naked and leaves are mostly needle-like or acicular if not subulate
A
Gymnosperms
7
Q
Four (recognised) orders of Gymnosperms:
A
1) Cycadales
2) Gingkoales
3) Gnetales
4) Coniferales
8
Q
- woody plants in the tropics resembling tree ferns and palms; e.g., oliva and pitogo
A
Cycadales
9
Q
- monotype, restricted to a single species Gingko biloba of China and Japan
A
Gingkoales
10
Q
- regarded as the most recent Order of the Gymnosperms in the phylogenetic sequence.
A
Gnetales
11
Q
There are three families
under Order Gnetales:
A
(a) Family Welwitschiaceae
(b) Family Ephedraceae
(c) Family Gnetaceae
12
Q
- monotype consisting of one genus
and species, Welwitschia mirabilis.
A
Family Welwitschiaceae
13
Q
- single genus, Ephedra spp., a source of an alkaloid called “ephedrine” which is used as a substitute for adrenaline.
A
Family Ephedraceae
14
Q
- single genus, Gnetum, with 30 species of small trees and woody lianas found in tropical forests.
A
Family Gnetaceae
15
Q
- the only Order of the Gymnosperms capable of producing timber in commercial scale
A
Coniferales
16
Q
- flowering plants; seed enclosed in an ovary and
most are broad-leaved
A
ANGIOSPERMS
17
Q
ANGIOSPERMS divided into two:
A
i) monocots
ii) dicots
18
Q
- with single seed leaf and scattered vascular bundles;
e.g., coconut
A
monocots
19
Q
- two seed leaves with vascular tissues arranged in a ring form and also characterized by the presence of pith at the center of stem;
e.g., maple trees , olive trees, etc.
A
dicots
20
Q
TWO DISTINCT ORGAN SYSTEMS IN PLANTS:
A
- Shoot System
- Root System
21
Q
- the vegetative (non-reproductive) parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems; and the reproductive parts of the plant, which include flowers and fruits
A
Shoot System
22
- supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals
Root System
23
THE THREE BASIC TISSUE PATTERNS FOUND IN ROOTS AND STEMS:
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground tissue
3. Vascular bundles
24
– covers and protects; controls gas exchange and water absorption
- covered by a waxy cuticle
that prevents evaporative
water loss
Dermal tissue
25
Dermal tissue consists of:
a. Stomata
b. Root hairs
26
- specialized pores that allow gas exchange through holes in the cuticle
Stomata
27
- extensions of root epidermal cells, increase the surface area of the root, greatly contributing to the absorption of water and minerals.
Root hairs
28
- carries out different functions based on the cell type and location in the plant
Ground tissue
29
GROUND TISSUE IN DICOTS:
1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
30
- photosynthesis in the leaves, and storage in the roots
Parenchyma
31
- shoot support in areas of active growth
Collenchyma
32
- shoot support in areas where growth has ceased
Sclerenchyma
33
- strand of primary tissues found within the stem of a plant and consisting of xylem and phloem, along with cambium
Vascular bundles
34
Wood is the _________ it is primarily because it is abundant, renewable, and usable from bark to treetop for everything from homes and buildings to paper and energy production
(NAFO, 2022).
ultimate renewable resource
35
Gross Internal Structure of Stem/Wood:
a. Bark
b. Cambium
c. Cork cambium (phellogen)
d. Wood/xylem
e. Pith
36
– outer part of the stem
Bark
37
– found between the bark and the wood, a layer of meristematic cell responsible for the increase in diameter of the stem
Cambium
38
– outer part of the bark that produces cork cells
Cork cambium (phellogen)
39
– inner part of the stem
Wood/xylem
40
– parenchymatous tissue inside
the xylem
Pith
41
Main physical properties of wood
include:
color,
luster,
texture,
macro-structure,
odor, moisture,
shrinkage,
internal stresses,
swelling,
cracking,
warping,
density,
sound –
electro – thermal conductivity
42
Determine the appearance of wood:
Сolor,
shine,
texture and
macrostructure
43
Gross Physical Features of Wood:
A. Texture
B. Color
C. Luster
D. Hardness
E. Weight
F. Odor
G. Taste
H. Grain direction
44
- refers to the size and proportional number of woody elements. Description of _____ in relation to the size of wood pores
Texture
45
- due to the presence of extractives
deposited in the wood cells.
- may be used to distinguish some wood
Color
46
- the ability to reflect light.
Luster
47
- resistance to indentation. This may be known by cutting the sample with a knife or by applying
pressure with the fingernails on
the longitudinal surface of the
wood.
Hardness
48
- the weight of wood is
dependent on three factors:
(1) amount of wood substances
(2) moisture content
(3) amount of extractives present
49
some wood species give off distinct ____ which are efficient in distinguishing them from other specimens.
odors
50
most Philippine wood species are _____ but few species have distinct tastes like pagatpat which
tastes salty and batino which
has a bitter taste
tasteless
51
- this refers to the arrangement/orientation of the wood elements with respect to respect to the longitudinal axis
Grain direction
