Lessons 8-9 Flashcards
1
Q
Pelvic Girdle
A
immobile, weight-bearing foundation for the upper body
2
Q
hip bones
A
pair of large, curved bones that form the lateral and anterior parts of the pelvis
3
Q
the hip bones are made of what three fused bones
A
ilium, ischium, and pubis
4
Q
when in life do the hip bones fuse?
A
late teenage years
5
Q
illium
A
large fan-like superior region connected to the sacrum by the sacroiliac joint
6
Q
iliac crest
A
arching superior margin of the ilium along the waistline
7
Q
iliac fossa
A
shallow depression at the internal surface of the upper ilium
8
Q
greater sciatic
A
large inverted u-shaped indention on the posterior margin of the lower ilium
9
Q
ischium
A
posteroinferior region of the hip
10
Q
the ischium supports
A
the sitting body
11
Q
ischial tuberosity
A
large, rough area of the inferior ischium that is the attachment for posterior muscle
12
Q
ischial ramus
A
superior and anterior segment above the ischial tuberosity
13
Q
ischial spine
A
bony projection separating the sciatic notches
14
Q
pubis
A
anterior portion which curves medially to join the opposite pubis at the pubic symphysis joint
15
Q
pubic body
A
large medial portion of the pubis
16
Q
femur
A
single bone of the thigh bone
17
Q
the longest and straightest bone in the body is the
A
femur
18
Q
head of the femur
A
round, proximal end that articulates with the acetabulum
19
Q
fovea capitis
A
indentation on the medial side of the femoral head where ligaments attach
20
Q
neck of the femur
A
narrow region below the head
21
Q
greater trochanter
A
large, upward, bony projection at the base of the neck of the femur
22
Q
lesser trochanter
A
small, bony prominence on the medial side of the femur
23
Q
gluteal tuberosity
A
roughened area extending from the greater trochanter
24
Q
linea aspera
A
meets the gluteal tuberosity on the distal posterior side
25
lateral condyle
smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior parts of the lateral expansion
26
lateral epicondyle
roughened area on the lateral, outer side of the lateral condyle
27
medial condyle
smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior part of the medial expansion
28
medial epicondyle
roughened area on the medial outer side of the medial condyle
29
adductor tubercle
small bump on the superior margin of the medial epicondyle
30
intercondylar fossa
deep depression that separates the condyles posteriorly
31
patellar surface
smooth surface and wide groove where the condyles meet anteriorly
32
patella
kneecap
33
what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body
patella
34
tibia
shin bone that is the medial, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg
35
medial and lateral condyle
formed by the expanded proximal ends of the tibia
36
intercondylar eminence
irregular, elevated area at the proximal end of the tibia that is the attachment point for knee ligaments
37
tibial tuberosity
elevated area on the anterior side of the tibia near the proximal end
38
interosseous border
small ridge on the lateral side of the shaft that is the attachment site for the interosseous membrane
39
interosseous membrane
dense connective tissue that connects the tibia and fibula
40
medial malleolus
large expansion on the medial side of the distal tibia
41
fibular notch
wide groove on the distal tibia that articulates with the fibula
42
the articulation of the fibula and tibia forms the
tibiofibular joint
43
fibula
slender bone on the lateral lower leg that doesn't bear weight
44
the fibula functions to
attach muscles
45
lateral malleolus
bony bump on the lateral side of the ankle
46
tarsal bones
form the posterior half of the foot
47
talus
square-shaped, upper surface that articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint
48
calcaneus
the heel
49
cuboidal bone
articulates with the anterior end of the calcaneus bone
50
navicular bone
articulates posteriorly with the talus
51
cuneiform bones
wedge shaped bones that articulate anteriorly with the navicular bone
52
cuneiform bones
medial, intermediate, and lateral
53
cuneiform bone shape
broad superior surface and narrow inferior surface
54
metatarsal bone forms
anterior half of the foot
55
the metatarsals form the
ball of the foot
56
phalanges
toes
57
each toe, except the big, has ___ phalanges, called the ___
three, proximal, medial, distal phalanges
58
hallux
big toe
59
interphalangeal joint
joint between adjacent phalanges
60
muscles that act on the hip and femur originate
on the pelvic girdle and gluteus maximus
61
iliopsoas primary action
flexes and laterally rotate the thigh and flex the torso
62
iliopsoas origin
psoas: vertebrae
iliacus: lilac and sacrum
63
iliopsoas insertion
lesser trochanter
64
iliopsoas innervation
femoral nerve
65
gluteus maximus primary action
extend thigh
66
gluteus maximus origin
dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyxx
67
gluteus maximus insertion
gluteal tuberosity of femur
68
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve
69
gluteus medius primary action
abduct thigh
70
gluteus medius origin
ilium
71
gluteus medius insertion
greater trochanter of femur
72
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve
73
gluteus minimus
adduct thigh
74
gluteus minimus origin
ilium
75
gluteus minimus insertion
superior gluteal nerve
76
tensor fascia latae primary action
flex and abduct thigh
77
tensor fascia latae origin
iliac crest and spine
78
tensor fascia latae insertion
illiobital tract
79
tensor fascia latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve
80
adductor longus primary action
adduct and medially rotate thigh, flex thigh
81
adductor longus origin
pubis, near pubic symphysis
82
adductor longus insertion
linea aspera
83
adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve
84
adductor brevis primary action
adduct and flex thigh
85
adductor brevis origin
pubis
86
adductor brevis insertion
linea aspera
87
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve
88
adductor magnus primary action
adduct and medially rotate thigh, extend thigh
89
adductor magnus origin
ischial rami, pubic rami, ischial tuberosity
90
adductor magnus insertion
linea aspea
91
adductor magnus innervation
obturator nerve
92
pectineus primary action
adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh
93
pectineus origin
pubis
94
pectineus insertion
lesser trochanter and linea aspera
95
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve
96
way to remember gluteus medius
middle
97
way to remember gluteus minimus
minimal
98
gluteus medius is deep to the gluteus ____, gluteus minimus is deep to the gluteus ____
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius
99
pectineus is ____ and ____ to the gluteus minimus
medial and deep
100
quadriceps femoris group muscles
rectus femoris, vastus lateralus, vastus medials, vastus intermedius
101
quadriceps femoris function
extend and stabilize the knee
102
most superficial quad muscle
rectus femoris
103
vastus intermedius location and way to remember
deep to the rectus femoris and forms a V
104
tensor fascia latae recognition trick
medial side, top is meaty, bottom is more fascia
105
Sartorius location
band-like muscle extending from the superior iliac spine to the medial side of the tibia
106
sartorius function
flexes the knee, flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip
107
hamstring group function
flex the knee
108
hamstring group muscles
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
109
most superficial hamstring group
biceps femoris
110
biceps femoris unique characteristic
two heads
111
semitendinosus has a long ____ end and semimembranosus has more ____
tendon, fascia
112
is semitendinosus or semimembranosus more medial
semimembranosus
113
gracilis primary action
adduct thigh and flex knee
114
gracilis origin
body of pubis and ischial ramus
115
gracilis insertion
medial surface of tibia
116
gracilis innervation
obturator nerve
117
sartorius primary action
flex, abduct, and laterally rotate thigh and flex knee
118
sartorius origin
superior iliac spine
119
sartorius insertion
proximal tibia
120
sartorius innervation
femoral nerve
121
rectus femoris primary action
extend knee, flex thigh
122
rectus femoris origin
inferior iliac spine, acetabulum
123
rectus femoris insertion
patella, tibial tuberosity
124
vastus lateralis primary action
extend knee
125
vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter and linea aspera
126
vastus lateralis insertion
patella, tibial tuberosity
127
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve
128
rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve
129
vastus medialis primary action
extend knee
130
vastus medialis origin
linea aspera
131
vastus medialis insertion
patella and tibial tuberosity
132
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve
133
vastus intermedius primary action
extend knee
134
vastus intermedius origin
proximal femur shaft
135
vastus intermedius insertion
patella, tibial tuberosity
136
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve
137
biceps femoris primary action
extend and laterally rotate thigh, flex knee
138
biceps femoris origin
ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, distal femu
139
biceps femoris insertion
fibular head, lateral condyle of tibia
140
biceps femoris innervation
sciatic nerve
141
semitendinosus primary action
extend and medially rotate thigh, flex knee
142
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberoisty
143
semitendinosus insertion
medial, upper tibial shaft
144
semitendinosus innervation
sciatic nerve
145
semimembranosus primary action
extend and medially rotate thigh, flex knee
146
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
147
semimembranosus insertion
medial condyle of tibia
148
semimembranosus innervation
sciatic nerve
149
extensors are more ____, flexors are more ____
anterior, posterior
150
anterior muscles of the lower leg
tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus
151
lateral muscles of the lower leg
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
152
posterior muscles make up the
calf
153
superficial muscles of the posterior lower leg
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
154
gastrocnemius
most superficial and visible calf muscle
155
soleus
wide and flat, deep to the gastrocnemius
156
plantaris runs ____, and is ____
obliquely and is deep and small
157
deep calf muscles
popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior
158
gastrocnemius primary action
plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
159
gastrocnemius origin
condyles of femur
160
gastrocnemius insertion
posterior calcaneus
161
gastrocnemius innervation
tibial nerve
162
soleus primary action
plantar flex foot
163
soleus origin
superior tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
164
soleus insertion
posterior calcaneus
165
soleus innervation
tibial nerve
166
plantaris primary action
flex knee, plantar flex foot
167
plantaris origin
posterior femur, above the lateral condyle
168
plantaris insertion
calcaneus
169
plantaris innervation
tibial nerve
170
tibialis anterior primary action
dorsiflex and invert foot
171
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle, upper tibial shaft, interosseus membrane
172
tibialis anterior insertion
medial cuneiform, first metatarsal
173
tibialis anterior innervation
fibular nerve
174
tibialis posterior primary action
plantar flex foot
175
tibialis posterior origin
superior tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
176
tibialis posterior insertion
tarsal bones
177
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve
178
flexor hallucis longus primary action
plantar flex foot and flex big toe
179
flexor hallucis longus origin
midshaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
180
flexor hallucis longus insertion
distal phalanx of big toe
181
flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve
182
flexor digitorum longus primary action
plantar flex and invert foot, flex toes
183
flexor digitorum longus origin
posterior tibia
184
flexor digitorum longus insertion
distal phalanges
185
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve
186
fibularis longus primary action
plantar flex and evert foot
187
fibularis longus origin
upper portion of lateral fibula
188
fibularis longus insertion
first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
189
fibularis longus innervation
fibular nerve
190
the tibialis anterior is most ___ and runs next to the ___
superficial, tibia
191
flexors start on the same/opposite side as the action they cause
opposite
192
flexor digitorum starts on the lateral/medial side of the leg, but flips to run into the lateral/medial digits
medial, lateral
193
flexor fibularis connects to the ____, on the medial/lateral side
fibula, lateral
194
plantar aponeurosis
deep fascia that supports the longitudinal arch of the foot
