Lessons 3-4 Flashcards
1
Q
four primary types of tissue
A
nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective
2
Q
epithelial tissue is made of
A
mostly cells, little matrix
3
Q
epithelial tissue is found
A
on the surfaces of the body, line internal surfaces
4
Q
which type of tissue is capable of regeneration?
A
epithelial tissue
5
Q
squamous epithelial cell shape
A
flattened and thin
6
Q
cuboidal epithelial cell shape
A
boxy, square
7
Q
rectangular epithelial cell shape
A
rectangle, taller than width
8
Q
simple epithelial
A
one layer of cells
9
Q
stratified epithelial
A
more than one layer of cells
10
Q
pseudostratified epithelial
A
singular layer of irregularly shaped cells
11
Q
simple squamous epithelium structure
A
look like thin scales with elliptical nuclei
12
Q
simple squamous epithelium function
A
allow the rapid passage of chemicals
13
Q
simple squamous epithelium example
A
on the alveoli of the lungs
14
Q
stratified squamous epithelium structure
A
layered scale-like cells
15
Q
stratified squamous epithelial function
A
helps with diffusion and filtration
16
Q
stratified squamous epithelial example
A
skin
17
Q
simple cuboidal epithelium structure
A
box-like with round nuclei
18
Q
simple cuboidal epithelium function
A
assist with secretion and absorption
19
Q
simple cuboidal epithelium example
A
lining of kidney tubules
20
Q
stratified cuboidal epithelium structure
A
stacked box-like cells
21
Q
stratified cuboidal epithelium function
A
protection
22
Q
stratified cuboidal epithelium example
A
sweat glands
23
Q
simple columnar epithelium structure
A
tall, column-like with elongated nuceli
24
Q
simple columnar epithelium function
A
absorption and secretion
25
simple columnar epithelium example
bronchi
26
stratified columnar epithelium structure
stacked column-like cells
27
stratified columnar epithelium function
secretes and protects
28
stratified columnar epithelium example
ducts of gland
29
pseudostratified epithelium structure
irregularly shaped cells
30
pseudostratified epithelium function
secretes and moves mucus
31
pseudostratified epithelium example
lines the trachea
32
keratinized tissue
dead epithelial tissue that acts as extra protection
33
connective tissue is made of
mostly matrix with a few cells
34
function of connective tissue
support and connect tissues and orgns
35
three characteristics of connective tissue
specialized cells, lots of ground substance, and extracellular protein fibers
36
loose connective tissue is found
between organs
37
loose connective tissue function
absorb shock and bind tissues
38
areolar tissue structure
web-like
39
areolar tissue is found
between muscle fibers, surrounding blood vessels, and supporting abdominal organs
40
adipose tissue consists mostly of
fat storage cells
41
adipose tissue allows for
rapid storage and mobilization of lipids, insulation
42
adipose tissue is found
around the kidneys, cushioning the eye
43
reticular tissue structure
mesh-like framework
44
reticular cells produce
reticular fibers for other cells to attach to
45
reticular tissue is found around
the spleen and liver
46
compared to proper connective tissue, dense connective tissue contains more ___, allowing for__
collagen fibers, stretching
47
dense regular connective tissue structure
fibers run parallel to each other
48
dense regular connective tissue structure allows for
strength and resistance to stretching
49
some dense regular tissue includes___, allowing
elastin fibers, ligament to return to normal length
50
dense regular tissue is found in
ligaments and muscle tendons
51
dense irregular connective tissue structure
fiber direction is random
52
dense irregular connective tissue structure allows for
greater strength in all directions but less in one particular direction
53
dense irregular tissue is found in
dermis of the skin and arterial walls
54
supportive connective tissue function
provide structure, strength, and protection
55
hyaline cartilage provides
support with some flexibility
56
hyaline cartilage structure
short dispersed collagen fibers
57
hyaline cartilage is found
bronchi, rib cage, nose
58
fibrocartilage provides
some compressibility and pressure absorption
59
structure of fibrocartilage
thick bundles of collagen fibers though matrix
60
fibrocartilage is found in
knee joint meniscus, intervertebral disc
61
elastic cartilage provides
firm but elastic support
62
elastic cartilage structure
elastic fibers, collagen, and proteoglycans
63
elastic cartilage is found in
earlobes
64
bone provides
protection of organs and body support
65
bone structure
matrix mostly of collagen fibers
66
fluid connective tissue structure
specialized cells that circulate in a watery extracellular matrix
67
fluid connective tissue example
lymph and blood
68
lymph function
delivers molecules to blood vessels
69
blood function
transport materials through body to help response to injury and illness
70
muscular tissue structure
mostly cells, little matrix
71
are muscle cells excitable?
yes
72
what does it mean for cells to be excitable?
respond to stimuli
73
what does it mean for muscle tissue to be contractile?
can shorten and generate a force
74
is muscle movement voluntary or unvoluntary?
both
75
skeletal muscle cell structure
long, cylindrical fiber
76
skeletal muscle function
voluntary movement, protecting organs
77
skeletal muscle location
attached to bones and around entrance points to body
78
cardiac muscle structure
short, branched
79
cardiac muscle function
contraction to move blood through heart
80
cardiac muscle location
heart
81
smooth muscle structure
short, spindle shaped
82
smooth muscle function
involuntary movement
83
smooth muscle location
walls of organs and passageways
84
which two types of muscle tissue are striated?
skeletal and cardiac
85
structure of skeletal muscle tissue layers (outside to inside)
epimysium, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, fiber
86
epimysium
sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue that wraps a muscle
87
perimysium
layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle
88
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
89
endomysium
thin connective tissue of collagen and reticular fibers that encase each muscle fiber
90
muscle insertion
movable end of the muscle attached to the bone being pulled
91
muscle origin
end of the muscle that is attached to a fixed bone
92
the origin is often ___ and the insertion is often ___
proximal, distal
93
prime mover/agonist
principal muscle involved in an action
94
synergist
muscle that assists the agonist
95
fixator
muscle that stabilized the attachment bone for the agonist's origin
96
center nervous system contains the
brain and spinal cord
97
nervous tissue structure
mostly cells, little matrix
98
is nervous tissue excitable?
yes
99
two types of neural cells
glial cells and neurons
100
neurons
single conductive cell that release chemical signals to target cells
101
neuron responsibilities
understanding and communicating in the nervous system
102
glial cells function
support nervous tissue
103
nerve fiber
axon of a neuron
104
nerve
many nerve fibers bound together with connective tissue
105
nerve composition from outer to inner
epineurium, perineurium, fascicles, endoneurium, axon
106
soma
cell body of a nucleus containing the nucleus and most organelles
107
processes
extensions off the cell body of a nucleus
108
axon
fiber emerging from the soma projecting to target cells
109
axon function
communicate with target cells through nerve impulse
110
dendrites
highly branches processes which receive info from other neurons
111
what does it mean for a neuron to be polar
information flows from the dendrite to the cell body and down the axon
112
unipolar neural cells
one process emerges from the cell and information flows in one direction
113
bipolar neural cells
two processes
114
multipolar neural cells
one axon and two or more dendrites
115
sensory neuron is also called
afferent
116
sensory neuron function
carry info about the environment to the CNS
117
most sensory neurons are uni/bi/multi polar?
unipolar
118
interneurons are found
in the CNS
119
interneuron function
receive info from sensory or other interneurons
120
motor neurons are also called
efferent
121
motor neuron function
receive info from sensory or interneurons and stimulate response
122
apical surface of a cell
where the work is occuring
123
basal surface of a cell
connects cell to other tissue
124
lumen
inside of a tubular structure
125
distended transitional epithelial tissue shape
several layers of tissue that become more compact/flattened when stretched
126
non distended transitional epithelial tissue shape?
several layers of tissue that become more compact/flattened when relaxed
127
bipennate muscle
fibers on two sides of the tendon
128
bipinnate muscle example
rectus femoris
129
multipennate muscle shape
multiple rows of muscle fibers and a tendon that branches into two
130
multipennate muscle example
deltoid
131
circular muscle shape
muscles surround each segment
132
circular muscle example
orbicularis oculi
133
are interneurons unipolar or multipolar?
multipolar
134
are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar
multipolar
