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CBIO 2200 Lab > Lessons 3-4 > Flashcards

Lessons 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

four primary types of tissue

A

nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective

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2
Q

epithelial tissue is made of

A

mostly cells, little matrix

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3
Q

epithelial tissue is found

A

on the surfaces of the body, line internal surfaces

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4
Q

which type of tissue is capable of regeneration?

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

squamous epithelial cell shape

A

flattened and thin

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6
Q

cuboidal epithelial cell shape

A

boxy, square

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7
Q

rectangular epithelial cell shape

A

rectangle, taller than width

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8
Q

simple epithelial

A

one layer of cells

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9
Q

stratified epithelial

A

more than one layer of cells

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10
Q

pseudostratified epithelial

A

singular layer of irregularly shaped cells

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium structure

A

look like thin scales with elliptical nuclei

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12
Q

simple squamous epithelium function

A

allow the rapid passage of chemicals

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13
Q

simple squamous epithelium example

A

on the alveoli of the lungs

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14
Q

stratified squamous epithelium structure

A

layered scale-like cells

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15
Q

stratified squamous epithelial function

A

helps with diffusion and filtration

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16
Q

stratified squamous epithelial example

A

skin

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17
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium structure

A

box-like with round nuclei

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18
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium function

A

assist with secretion and absorption

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19
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium example

A

lining of kidney tubules

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20
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium structure

A

stacked box-like cells

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21
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium function

A

protection

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22
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium example

A

sweat glands

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23
Q

simple columnar epithelium structure

A

tall, column-like with elongated nuceli

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24
Q

simple columnar epithelium function

A

absorption and secretion

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25
Q

simple columnar epithelium example

A

bronchi

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26
Q

stratified columnar epithelium structure

A

stacked column-like cells

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27
Q

stratified columnar epithelium function

A

secretes and protects

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28
Q

stratified columnar epithelium example

A

ducts of gland

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29
Q

pseudostratified epithelium structure

A

irregularly shaped cells

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30
Q

pseudostratified epithelium function

A

secretes and moves mucus

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31
Q

pseudostratified epithelium example

A

lines the trachea

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32
Q

keratinized tissue

A

dead epithelial tissue that acts as extra protection

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33
Q

connective tissue is made of

A

mostly matrix with a few cells

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34
Q

function of connective tissue

A

support and connect tissues and orgns

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35
Q

three characteristics of connective tissue

A

specialized cells, lots of ground substance, and extracellular protein fibers

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36
Q

loose connective tissue is found

A

between organs

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37
Q

loose connective tissue function

A

absorb shock and bind tissues

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38
Q

areolar tissue structure

A

web-like

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39
Q

areolar tissue is found

A

between muscle fibers, surrounding blood vessels, and supporting abdominal organs

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40
Q

adipose tissue consists mostly of

A

fat storage cells

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41
Q

adipose tissue allows for

A

rapid storage and mobilization of lipids, insulation

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42
Q

adipose tissue is found

A

around the kidneys, cushioning the eye

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43
Q

reticular tissue structure

A

mesh-like framework

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44
Q

reticular cells produce

A

reticular fibers for other cells to attach to

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45
Q

reticular tissue is found around

A

the spleen and liver

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46
Q

compared to proper connective tissue, dense connective tissue contains more ___, allowing for__

A

collagen fibers, stretching

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47
Q

dense regular connective tissue structure

A

fibers run parallel to each other

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48
Q

dense regular connective tissue structure allows for

A

strength and resistance to stretching

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49
Q

some dense regular tissue includes___, allowing

A

elastin fibers, ligament to return to normal length

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50
Q

dense regular tissue is found in

A

ligaments and muscle tendons

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51
Q

dense irregular connective tissue structure

A

fiber direction is random

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52
Q

dense irregular connective tissue structure allows for

A

greater strength in all directions but less in one particular direction

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53
Q

dense irregular tissue is found in

A

dermis of the skin and arterial walls

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54
Q

supportive connective tissue function

A

provide structure, strength, and protection

55
Q

hyaline cartilage provides

A

support with some flexibility

56
Q

hyaline cartilage structure

A

short dispersed collagen fibers

57
Q

hyaline cartilage is found

A

bronchi, rib cage, nose

58
Q

fibrocartilage provides

A

some compressibility and pressure absorption

59
Q

structure of fibrocartilage

A

thick bundles of collagen fibers though matrix

60
Q

fibrocartilage is found in

A

knee joint meniscus, intervertebral disc

61
Q

elastic cartilage provides

A

firm but elastic support

62
Q

elastic cartilage structure

A

elastic fibers, collagen, and proteoglycans

63
Q

elastic cartilage is found in

A

earlobes

64
Q

bone provides

A

protection of organs and body support

65
Q

bone structure

A

matrix mostly of collagen fibers

66
Q

fluid connective tissue structure

A

specialized cells that circulate in a watery extracellular matrix

67
Q

fluid connective tissue example

A

lymph and blood

68
Q

lymph function

A

delivers molecules to blood vessels

69
Q

blood function

A

transport materials through body to help response to injury and illness

70
Q

muscular tissue structure

A

mostly cells, little matrix

71
Q

are muscle cells excitable?

A

yes

72
Q

what does it mean for cells to be excitable?

A

respond to stimuli

73
Q

what does it mean for muscle tissue to be contractile?

A

can shorten and generate a force

74
Q

is muscle movement voluntary or unvoluntary?

A

both

75
Q

skeletal muscle cell structure

A

long, cylindrical fiber

76
Q

skeletal muscle function

A

voluntary movement, protecting organs

77
Q

skeletal muscle location

A

attached to bones and around entrance points to body

78
Q

cardiac muscle structure

A

short, branched

79
Q

cardiac muscle function

A

contraction to move blood through heart

80
Q

cardiac muscle location

A

heart

81
Q

smooth muscle structure

A

short, spindle shaped

82
Q

smooth muscle function

A

involuntary movement

83
Q

smooth muscle location

A

walls of organs and passageways

84
Q

which two types of muscle tissue are striated?

A

skeletal and cardiac

85
Q

structure of skeletal muscle tissue layers (outside to inside)

A

epimysium, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, fiber

86
Q

epimysium

A

sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue that wraps a muscle

87
Q

perimysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle

88
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of muscle fibers

89
Q

endomysium

A

thin connective tissue of collagen and reticular fibers that encase each muscle fiber

90
Q

muscle insertion

A

movable end of the muscle attached to the bone being pulled

91
Q

muscle origin

A

end of the muscle that is attached to a fixed bone

92
Q

the origin is often ___ and the insertion is often ___

A

proximal, distal

93
Q

prime mover/agonist

A

principal muscle involved in an action

94
Q

synergist

A

muscle that assists the agonist

95
Q

fixator

A

muscle that stabilized the attachment bone for the agonist’s origin

96
Q

center nervous system contains the

A

brain and spinal cord

97
Q

nervous tissue structure

A

mostly cells, little matrix

98
Q

is nervous tissue excitable?

A

yes

99
Q

two types of neural cells

A

glial cells and neurons

100
Q

neurons

A

single conductive cell that release chemical signals to target cells

101
Q

neuron responsibilities

A

understanding and communicating in the nervous system

102
Q

glial cells function

A

support nervous tissue

103
Q

nerve fiber

A

axon of a neuron

104
Q

nerve

A

many nerve fibers bound together with connective tissue

105
Q

nerve composition from outer to inner

A

epineurium, perineurium, fascicles, endoneurium, axon

106
Q

soma

A

cell body of a nucleus containing the nucleus and most organelles

107
Q

processes

A

extensions off the cell body of a nucleus

108
Q

axon

A

fiber emerging from the soma projecting to target cells

109
Q

axon function

A

communicate with target cells through nerve impulse

110
Q

dendrites

A

highly branches processes which receive info from other neurons

111
Q

what does it mean for a neuron to be polar

A

information flows from the dendrite to the cell body and down the axon

112
Q

unipolar neural cells

A

one process emerges from the cell and information flows in one direction

113
Q

bipolar neural cells

A

two processes

114
Q

multipolar neural cells

A

one axon and two or more dendrites

115
Q

sensory neuron is also called

A

afferent

116
Q

sensory neuron function

A

carry info about the environment to the CNS

117
Q

most sensory neurons are uni/bi/multi polar?

A

unipolar

118
Q

interneurons are found

A

in the CNS

119
Q

interneuron function

A

receive info from sensory or other interneurons

120
Q

motor neurons are also called

A

efferent

121
Q

motor neuron function

A

receive info from sensory or interneurons and stimulate response

122
Q

apical surface of a cell

A

where the work is occuring

123
Q

basal surface of a cell

A

connects cell to other tissue

124
Q

lumen

A

inside of a tubular structure

125
Q

distended transitional epithelial tissue shape

A

several layers of tissue that become more compact/flattened when stretched

126
Q

non distended transitional epithelial tissue shape?

A

several layers of tissue that become more compact/flattened when relaxed

127
Q

bipennate muscle

A

fibers on two sides of the tendon

128
Q

bipinnate muscle example

A

rectus femoris

129
Q

multipennate muscle shape

A

multiple rows of muscle fibers and a tendon that branches into two

130
Q

multipennate muscle example

A

deltoid

131
Q

circular muscle shape

A

muscles surround each segment

132
Q

circular muscle example

A

orbicularis oculi

133
Q

are interneurons unipolar or multipolar?

A

multipolar

134
Q

are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar

A

multipolar

CBIO 2200 Lab (9 decks)

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