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Clinic Pathology 2 > Leukocytes (WBCs) > Flashcards

Leukocytes (WBCs) Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Which WBC are granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

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2
Q

What are granulocytes

A

WBCs whose cytoplasm contains tiny granules

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3
Q

What is the source of granulocytes and agranulocytes

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

Granulocytes are named according to what

A

staining characteristics of the granules

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5
Q

Granules have substances in them that function to protect the body against _ or _ infections

A

microbial or parasitic

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6
Q

If granulocytes are not modulated they can cause

A

tissue damage

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7
Q

What are mature neutrophils called

A

segmented

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8
Q

What are young neutrophils called

A

bands

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9
Q

Banded neutrophils are rare in

A

horses and cattle

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10
Q

What is the most abundant WBC (except in cattle)

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

When needed, neutrophils enter tissues to

A

phagocytize foreign substances

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12
Q

In neutrophils, enzymes are in _

A

lysosomes

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13
Q

Maintenance of normal numbers of neutrophils depends on replacement from

A

bone marrow

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14
Q

_ are not normally very abundant in circulation and are usually equivalent to monocytes in number

A

eosinophils

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15
Q

Eosinophils respond to

A

allergic conditions or parasitic migrations in body

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16
Q

_ are rare in all animals

A

Basophils

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17
Q

Granules in basophils contain

A

histamine, heparin, eosinophilic chemotactic substance

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18
Q

Basophils and eosinophils respond to _

A

IgE

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19
Q

What is IgE

A

an antibody produced with immediate hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis)

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20
Q

What are agranulocytes

A

WBC’s that lack granules in their cytoplasm

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21
Q

Monocytes and lymphocytes are _

A

agranulocytes

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22
Q

Lymphocytes originate in bone marrow then mature in

A

lymph nodes, spleen, associated lymphoid tissue

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23
Q

Lymphocytes are marked by embryonic and fetal development by _ or _ _ (bursa)

A

thymus or bone marrow

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24
Q

Functions of lymphocytes

A

B cells (humoral immunity- produce antibodies)
T cells (cell mediated immunity)

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25
B cells are normally _% of lymphs in circulation
10
26
What are the functions of monocytes
-phagocytize foreign substances -cleanup debris
27
Monocytes are called in by _
neutrophils
28
Normal range for WBC count
6,000-17,000 WBC/uL for all species
29
Less than normal range of WBC is called
leukopenia
30
Greater than normal range WBC count is called
leukocytosis
31
Where should you examine WBC differential
monolayer on 40x (can use 100x)
32
Formula for WBC differential
type of WBC seen/ 100 WBCs
33
When performing a WBC differential, numbers at the end should add up to _ when dings
100
34
Absolute differential count formula
% type x WBC ct = #type/uL
35
Predominate WBC type for dogs and cats
neutrophils (60-75%)
36
Predominate WBC type for horse
neutrophils and lymphocytes- equal
37
Predominate WBC type for cattle
Lymphocytes
38
When should you do a corrected WBC count
if you see more than 5 nRBCs
39
The corrected WBC count is the _ count as it corrects for the nRBCs counted as WBCs; otherwise falsely high values
correct
40
cWBC formula
original WBC ct x100 / #nRBC +100
41
If WBCs on feathered edge, your spreader angle is _ _
too steep
42
What do band neutrophils look like
can be any shape BUT sides are parallel and equi-distant
43
What does a metamyelocyte look like
nucleus slightly indented (kidney bean shape)
44
Lymphocytes are the only peripheral leukocyte that can
re-circulate
45
Reason for production of lymphocytes
some antigen
46
If lymphocyte is not marked at all =
Null cells (NK cells= natural killer cells)
47
What is the stimulus for production of monocytes
stimulated at same time of lymphocyte, so some antigen
48
Monocytes are only in peripheral blood for _-_hrs then go to _
24-36 hours; tissues
49
Once macrophages are in tissues they are called _
macrophages
50
In tissue monocytes can be _ or _
fixed or migrating
51
Migrating macrophages act in _; clean up the mess neutrophils make
inflammation
52
Neutrophils mature/circulate/leave in _hrs
8
53
Neutrophils have _ compartments/pools
4 (2 in bone marrow, 2 in circulation)
54
Neutrophil stimulus for production
Infection: cell wall of bacterial organisms, toxins Inflammation: trauma, sx, autoimmune
55
To examine abnormal WBC morphology, 5-10 fields with 100x (oil) in _
monolayer
56
When examining abnormal neutrophils, look for changes in
nucleus (10% or more immature= left shift) and cytoplasm (changes= toxic changes)
57
If seeing immature neutrophils in circulation there is an _ _ _ somewhere in body causing early release
increase tissue demand
58
See immature neutrophils is called a _ _
left shift (going to left in maturation series)
59
In leukocytosis and 10% or greater bands=
regenerative left shift
60
If leukopenic or in normal range and 10% or greater bands seen=
degenerative left shift
61
Degenerative left shift means
tissue demand has exceeded the bone marrow's ability to keep up
62
Hypersegmentation looks like
mature seg has more segments (pinches) than normal
63
What does hypersegmentation indicate
seg has been in circulation longer than it should be (more than 8 hours)
64
Hypersegmenation is most often due to _ (endogenous or exogenous)
corticosteroids
65
Toxic changes seen in cytoplasm of neutrophils
1. Basophilic cytoplasm 2. Dohle bodies 3.Vacuoles 4.Azurophilic granules (least common)
66
What to look for in abnormal lymphocyte morphology
nuclear changes (immature or atypical) cytoplasmic changes = reactive lymphocytes
67
What do atypical lymphocytes look like
deeply cleft or blabbed nuclei
68
Cytoplasmic changes in reactive lymphocytes
1. Basophilic cytoplasm 2.Perinuclear halo 3.Vacuoles 4.Pseuodopodia 5.Azurophilic granules
69
What does a lymphocyte with Mott cell w/ Russell bodies look like
cytoplasm is even more extensive with lots of vacuoles, nucleus is eccentric
70
You will only see cytoplasmic changes in monocytes associated with _
phagocytosis
71
These ingested things in monocytes are indicative of AIHA
Hemosiderin (dark pigment in vacuoles) Engulfed RBCs (see RBCs in cytoplasm)
72
Increase in granulocytes =
__philia -Neutrophilia -Eosinophilia -Basophilia
73
Increase in agranuloctes= __
__cytosis -Lymphocytosis -Monocytosis
74
Decrease in granulocytes and agranulocytes=
__penia Neutropenia Lymphoepnia or lymphocytopenia (All others also w/ this suffix)

Clinic Pathology 2 (12 decks)

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