Serology

Question 1

What type of observation is quantitative?

Answer 1

numerical

Question 2

What type of observation is qualitative?

Answer 2

Non-numerical (acute, large)

Question 3

What is meant by sensitivity?

Answer 3

how a test will pick up a tiny amount of Ab or other agent in a biological fluid

Question 4

What is meant by specificity?

Answer 4

ability of a test to give a + run only in an animal that has dz for which the test is measuring

Question 5

What do immunological test measure

Answer 5

Ab or Ag

Question 6

What samples are used for immunological tests?

Answer 6

plasma or serum or whole blood

Question 7

What type of tests are available for humoral immunity in vet med?

Answer 7

ELISA, CELISA, Immunodiffusion, Coomb’s test

Question 8

In Ab tests, what happens?

Answer 8

Ag in test, will bind Ab in sample and vise versa in Ag tests

Question 9

What does ELISA stand for

Answer 9

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Question 10

In vet med, Competitive ELISA (CELISA) are used to test for

Answer 10

EIA

Question 11

What will occur in a latex agglutination test if Ab present in sample?

Answer 11

clumping

Question 12

What is the latex agglutination testing?

Answer 12

small, spherical latex particles coated w/ Ag

Question 13

What is one disease that you would use latex agglutination test for?

Answer 13

Canine Brucellosis testing

Question 14

What is another name for the rapid immunomigration (RIM) test?

Answer 14

Lateral flow immunoassay

Question 15

What does no band on an Immunodiffusion (AGID) indicate?

Answer 15

no Ab in patient, or not enough Ab to cause ppt

Question 16

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is similar to CELISA except _ in place of enzyme

Answer 16

radioisotope

Question 17

RIA is used for _ level determination.

Answer 17

Hormone (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)

Question 18

How does a Fluorescent Antibody test (Fab) work ?

Answer 18

dye combines w/ specific Ab present, read with special microscope. Any fluorescence is +

Question 19

Coombs testing detects presence of inappropriate Ab against bodies _ _

Answer 19

own tissues

Question 20

Direct Coombs tests for Ab against own _-IMHA (AIHA)=agglutination

Answer 20

RBCs

Question 21

What occurs with coombs test if RBCs coated w/ Ab’s?

Answer 21

then agglutination

Question 22

Indirect coombs tests for _ _

Answer 22

circulating Ab

Question 23

What sample should be submitted to lab for coombs testing?

Answer 23

Freshly air-dried unstained blood smears, and EDTA blood

Question 24

Antibody titers are used to distinguish between an _ _ vs _ _ to certain antigens and to evaluate the need for revaccination.

Answer 24

active infection vs prior exposure

Question 25

Antibody titers requires making _ _ of the sample

Answer 25

serial dilutions

Question 26

High titer =

Answer 26

active infection

Question 27

Low titer =

Answer 27

previous exposure

Question 28

A single titer does not differentiate between

Answer 28

vaccine status and exposure

Question 29

What samples should be sent to lab for antibody titers

Answer 29

paired samples (acute and convalescent) drawn approx. 2 weeks apart to monitor for any changes

Question 30

Generally, a _ _ increase in titers between paired samples is a good indication of recent infection.

Answer 30

4 fold

Question 31

Molecular diagnostics analyze _ and _

Answer 31

DNA and RNA

Question 32

_ tests used to: -Identify cancers -Detect genetic defects -Pedigrees -Bacterial contaminants in foods

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

Advantages of molecular diagnostics

Answer 33

-increased sensitivity and specificity -small samples with faster results

Question 34

Disadvantages of molecular diagnostics

Answer 34

-contamination gives false positives -high levels of expertise to run tests, high cost

Question 35

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects what

Answer 35

DNA segments

Question 36

PCR is called the _ assay

Answer 36

amplification

Question 37

3 steps of amplification assay

Answer 37

1. denaturation 2.annealing 3.extension Repeated 25-30 times to gain enough DNA

Question 38

Reverse Transcriptase PCR is similar to PCR but tests

Answer 38

single stranded RNA

Question 39

Benefits of real-time polymerase chain reaction

Answer 39

-decrease risk of contamination -more easily automated -faster and easier to run -fluorescence probe attaches to DNA segments

Question 40

Intradermal tests are used to diagnose _

Answer 40

allergies

Question 41

Intradermal tests are mediated by _ antibody molecules

Answer 41

IgE

Question 42

What is the negative control for intradermal testing

Answer 42

saline

Question 43

What is the positive control for intradermal testing

Answer 43

histamine

Question 44

Tuberculin skin test is commonly performed on _ and _

Answer 44

cattle and primates

Question 45

Animals with _ bacteria develop a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the organism tuberculin

Answer 45

Mycobacterium spp.

Question 46

Where is injection site for tuberculin skin test

Answer 46

cervical region or at base of tail

Question 47

Why is there a delay in tuberculin skin test

Answer 47

because T lymphocytes must migrate to the foreign antigen injected

Question 48

The first test to detect possible carriers of bovine tuberculosis is the

Answer 48

casual fold tuberculin (CFT) test in which a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is injected into the fold of the skin at the base of the tail