Life Stage Nutrition

Question 1

Life stage definitions
1. Neonate:
2. Juvenile:
3. Adult:
4. Senior:
5. Pregnancy & Lactation:

Answer 1

1. Birth until weaned
2. Weaned but bone growth isn’t complete
3. Bone growth complete & under 1/2 lifespan
4. 1/2 life span expectancy completed
5. Pregnant or lactating

Question 2

What is a BCS?

Answer 2

A system to evaluate muscle mass and fat ratio. Used as a tool for nutrition status

Question 3

Lab tested vs Live tested

Answer 3

Lab: tested in a lab
Live: Tested on real animals. This is better because bioavailability has actually been observed, which a simple chem lab can’t do.

Question 4

What are three goals/outcomes of diet quality

Answer 4

1. Bioavailability: Meet nutrient needs of animal in useable form
2. Balance of fiber to maintain normal motility & bacterial population
3. Maintain/increase health (AKA, don’t create illness)

Question 5

Puppies are growing machines! How much weight can they put on in the first 10 days?

Answer 5

Up to double their body weight! Due to their rapid growth, 1/2 of the calorie intake is for growth

Question 6

Protein requirements for puppies:
___% of dry matter for ___, ___, and wound healing.

Answer 6

22% of protein dry matter for optimum tissue growth, immunity, and wound healing

Question 7

Fat requirement for puppies:
___% of dry matter.
Essential fatty acid for puppies ___, which helps with brain and eye development

Answer 7

1. 8% dry matter.
2. DHA - helps with brain & eye development

Question 8

Ideal ratio for Calcium to Phosphorus in dogs is ____.
Excess of ___ can lead to ___ abnormalities in puppies

Answer 8

1. Ratio of Ca to P is 1.8 : 1
2. Calcium excess can lead to cartilage and bone abnormalities

Question 9

Other mineral deficiencies puppies are prone to (2)

Answer 9

Zinc and copper

Question 10

Large vs small dog breeds:
Who should be fed more calories & Ca? Who should be fed less?

Answer 10

Large breed should be fed less calories and calcium in comparison to small breeds

Question 11

Temperature affects the diet of an adult dog.
Indoor in the winter calorie increase should be ___%. Artic increase in calories should be ___%.

Answer 11

1. 25% increase in calories
2. 70-80% increase in calories

Question 12

Pregnant dogs should be fed a normal amount of calories until ____ week. They should be fed on this gradual increase until it hits ___% more than normal at day ___.

Answer 12

1. Week 5
2. Until 25-50% more than normal diet
3. Day 63

Question 13

Pregnant dogs:
Protein increases ____% in late gestation. Calcium increases ____% in the last 63 days of gestation.

Answer 13

1. Protein increases 40-70%
2. Calcium increases 60%

Question 14

During lactation:
Calorie needs are ___ times more than adult maintenance. Water needs are ____ L/day.

Answer 14

1. Calorie: 2-4x adult maintenance needs
2. Needs 4-5 L/day of water

Question 15

Senior dogs: Choose increase or decrease

Need ____ calories to maintain BCS.
Need _____ protein to help with muscle loss.

Answer 15

1. Fewer calories
2. More protein, slight increase

Question 16

T/F: Senior dogs may need an increase in fatty acids, vita E, & selenium

Answer 16

True. This is to help fight oxidation and inflammation conditions

Question 17

Feeding kittens:
Should be fed ___ kcals/kg/day at 10w old.
Should be fed ___ kcals/kg/day at 10 months old.

Answer 17

1. Fed 200 kcals/kg/day @ 10w
2. Fed 80 kcals/kg/day @ 10m

Question 18

Should “urinary health” diets be fed to kittens?

Answer 18

NO!
High acid diets will lead to K+ wasting in kidneys. This will create slow growth and poor bone mineralization.

That is why these diets shouldn’t be given to kittens!

Question 19

Energy requirements for adult cats are:
Taurine - why?
3 Fatty acids - which ones?

Answer 19

1. Taurine: Deficiency leads to heart disease & blindness
2. Fatty acids
   - Linoleic & Linolenic: Vita A absorption
   - Arachidonic: platelet aggregation

Question 20

Senior cats calorie intake should be ____. While proteins may need to be _____ or ____.

Answer 20

1. Calories should be increased
2. Proteins may needs to be increased or decreased

Question 21

What is the most common form of malnutrition in cats and dogs?

Answer 21

Obesity!!

Question 22

Obesity in dogs leads to ____ musculoskeletal, resp & cardiac, pancreatic, lower urinary tract disease. It can also ____ quality of life.

Answer 22

1. Increase the likelihood of said diseases
2. Decrease quality of life

Question 23

Obesity in cats can lead to ____ risk for diabetes, hepatic lipidosis, urethral obstruction (males), & osteoarthritis.

Answer 23

Increased risk in said diseases

Question 24

T/F: An all meat diet in a kitten will lead to osteitis

Answer 24

True!
This is due to the all meat diet not containing enough Ca+ for the kittens. Osteitis is very painful!

Question 25

Too much Ca+ in a kitten diet will double the need for ____

Answer 25

Magnesium

Question 26

T/F: Kittens do not need more protein than an adult cat diet

Answer 26

False! Kittens need more protein than an adult cat would need in it’s diet