life stage nutrition for cats and dogs

Question 1

DMB

Answer 1

dry-matter basis

Question 2

What is the DMB

Answer 2

% of nutrients available in a food where the moisture content is 0%

Question 3

Ml of water per KG of weight - dogs

Answer 3

60-80ml/kg

Question 4

Ml of water per KG of weight - cats

Answer 4

50ml/kg

Question 5

T or F: Water should always be readily available or ad lib

Answer 5

true

Question 6

gestation period for dogs

Answer 6

63 days

Question 7

only ___% of fetal mass has developed by day 35 (gestation in dogs)

Answer 7

2%

Question 8

puppies gain 70% of their birth weight after _____ days (dog gestation)

Answer 8

42 days

Question 9

T or F: Energy requirements increase by 10%/week until parturition (dog/cat gestation)

Answer 9

true

Question 10

when are energy needs at their highest during canine gestation?

Answer 10

6-8 weeks

Question 11

do energy requirements increase or decrease after whelping?

Answer 11

yes, they increase and the highest energy requirement is between 3-5 weeks (requires 2-4x more energy than non-nursers)

Question 12

T or F: energy requirements return to maintenance levels about 10 weeks after whelping

Answer 12

false - 8 weeks

Question 13

What happens when a nursing mom is fed too much fat?

Answer 13

it can penetrate the myometrium which results in weaker uterine contractions leading to dystocia

Question 14

dystocia

Answer 14

painful or obstructed labour

Question 15

newborn puppies have very little energy resources which means what?

Answer 15

they eat what’s given to them until the final 3rd stage of gestitation

Question 16

Omega-3 and Omega-6 are important for what? (dog gestation)

Answer 16

brain health and development of fetus

Question 17

% DMB of fats for reproductive diets

Answer 17

19% DMB

Question 18

protein needs increase by what when nearing parturition? (dog gestation)

Answer 18

40-70%

Question 19

for optimal reproductive health, diet should include _____% of DMB crude protein

Answer 19

25-35%

Question 20

% of carbs DMB for reproductive diets

Answer 20

23% DMB

Question 21

why is folic acid (vit. B) important for gestation

Answer 21

prevents nutritionally based clef palates and spina bifida in babies

Question 22

colostrum

Answer 22

immunoglobins/ essential antibodies that protect newborns
transmitted through nursing
needs to be absored 12-24 h after death

Question 23

maltodextrin

Answer 23

glucose polymer(string of sugar) used in formulas for premature babies
easily absorbed in milk
puppies should be fet every 6 hours for 12-48 hours after birth

Question 24

T or F: a dog can produce up to 3x its’ body weight in milk during lactation

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what's an important thing to feed dogs in lactation

Answer 25

energy-dense and nutrient-dense diets

Question 26

gestation period for cats

Answer 26

63 days

Question 27

taurine

Answer 27

essential for cats and needs to be provided through diet

Question 28

by lactation, energy needs in cats increase by _______% from maintenance

Answer 28

40-50%

Question 29

T or F: poor diets being given to queens can impact the weight gain, nursing and health of a kitten

Answer 29

true

Question 30

recommended energy allowance for gestation in cats

Answer 30

90-110kcal/kg-BW/day or up to 70% maintenance

Question 31

ad libitum feeding allows the queen to what?

Answer 31

adjust her food intake as needed to meet energy requirements

Question 32

a protein deficiency during pregnancy can result in what? (cats)

Answer 32

low birth weights impaired immune function neonatal death

Question 33

% DMB of fats for gestation diets (cats)

Answer 33

18-35%

Question 34

which omega acid is vital in pregnant queens

Answer 34

DHA - omega-3 fatty acid

Question 35

% DMB of carbs for gestation diets (cats)

Answer 35

10%

Question 36

why are carbs important for pregnant cats?

Answer 36

protects against weight loss spares protein from being used as energy not being used for energy means it can be used for growth and repair

Question 37

What needs to be carefully monitored when it comes to puppies and their growth rate?

Answer 37

diet. energy, Ca and EFA levels need to be monitored to prevent obesity, abnormal bone development, impaired neurological development in puppies

Question 38

puppies use _____% of energy for maintaining normal bodily function

Answer 38

50%

Question 39

energy needs for growth decrease to _____% when puppies reach ___% of their adult weight

Answer 39

8-10%; 80%

Question 40

giant dog breeds reach 50% of their body weight by _____ _____ of age

Answer 40

5 months of age

Question 41

large dog breeds continue to grow until ____ ____ of age

Answer 41

18-24 months of age

Question 42

small dogs reach ____% of their body weight by ___ ___ of age

Answer 42

50%; 3 months of age

Question 43

nursing from 0-8 weeks of age covers what? (small dogs)

Answer 43

major part of their growth phase reducing bone deformities during development

Question 44

why colostrum is vitally important

Answer 44

contains immunoglobins rich in protein higher in minerals compared to milk after 24 hours of whelpings, changes over to milk

Question 45

neonatal puppies may need what?

Answer 45

nutritional support if orphaned or unable to nurse

Question 46

puppies should gain ____% of birth weight daily

Answer 46

10-15%

Question 47

2 commercial milk replacer options

Answer 47

ready to feed liquids powder

Question 48

4 hand-feeding options

Answer 48

eye-droppers syringes nursing bottles (nipple size is important) feeding tubes

Question 49

start weaning at ______ weeks of age

Answer 49

3-4 weeks of age - when they start developing their teeth/teethin

Question 50

appropriate puppy milk replacer

Answer 50

should be mixing replacer with a ratio of 50:50 with water should be offered 2-3x/day until drinking on own

Question 51

how can we introduce puppies to food without making them go cold turkey with a milk replacer?

Answer 51

combine canned food with milk replacer (diet should be complete and balanced)

Question 52

puppies are normally fully weaned at ____ ___ of age

Answer 52

5-6 weeks of age

Question 53

3 common causes of weaning diarrhea

Answer 53

GI immaturity immunity infectious disease

Question 54

when are the requirements for protein and amino acids at their highest with puppies

Answer 54

at weaning

Question 55

recommended protein intake for small, medium and large dogs over 14 weeks of age

Answer 55

22-32% DMB

Question 56

recommended fat intake for growing puppies

Answer 56

10-25% DMB

Question 57

kittens can increase their weight by what in a rapid growth phase

Answer 57

14-30g/day

Question 58

T or F: energy requirements decrease after being neutered in male cats

Answer 58

true

Question 59

how much protein do kittens needs

Answer 59

35-50% DMB

Question 60

how much fat do kittens need

Answer 60

18-35% DMB

Question 61

small dog breeds can reach maturity when

Answer 61

6 months to 1 year

Question 62

large and giant dog breeds can reach maturity when

Answer 62

1 year to 18 months

Question 63

cats can reach maturity when

Answer 63

12 to 18 months (18 for large breeds)

Question 64

obesity impacts ____% of dogs and ____%

Answer 64

56% of dogs and 60% of cats

Question 65

water takes up how much body weight of an adult dog

Answer 65

56%

Question 66

T or F: clean, fresh water should always be available to all animals

Answer 66

true

Question 67

young adult dogs should have what % of fat in their diet

Answer 67

10-20% DMB

Question 68

obese-prone dogs should have what % of fat in their dietv

Answer 68

7-10% DMB

Question 69

adult cats should have what % of fat in their diet

Answer 69

10-30% DMB

Question 70

obese-prone cats should have what % of fat in their diet

Answer 70

9-17% DMB

Question 71

healthy dogs should have what % of fiber in their diet

Answer 71

5% DMB

Question 72

obese prone dogs should have what % of fiber in their diets

Answer 72

10% DMB

Question 73

healthy cats should have what % of fiber in their diets

Answer 73

5% DMB

Question 74

obese-prone cats should have what % of fiber in their diets

Answer 74

15% DMB

Question 75

T or F: fiber has been shown to reduce hairballs in cats

Answer 75

true

Question 76

protein content in dog food varies from ____%

Answer 76

15-60%

Question 77

recommended amount of protein content in dog food

Answer 77

15-30% DMB

Question 78

T or F: after EAA requirements are met there is no physiological benefit to excessive protein

Answer 78

true

Question 79

what is excess protein processed by

Answer 79

processed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys

Question 80

why is it crucial to meet protein needs in cats

Answer 80

they aren't able to adapt to low-levels of dietary protein

Question 81

recommended protein levels should fall between ___% for cats

Answer 81

30-45% DMB

Question 82

T or F: excessive protein is used for energy and maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer 82

true

Question 83

4 things to focus on for senior cats and dogs

Answer 83

maintenance of optimal nutrition risk factor management disease management improvement in quality and length of life

Question 84

4 disease more common in senior pets

Answer 84

athritis kidney disease obesity cognitive dysfunction

Question 85

senior pets should be examined every ____ months

Answer 85

6 months

Question 86

what should be monitored at senior pet exams

Answer 86

pain weight oral health underlying diseases

Question 87

adults and senior pets make up ___% of our client population

Answer 87

90%

Question 88

why is important for water to always be available to our senior pets

Answer 88

cause cause dehydration diuretic medications kidney disease impaired thirst sensitivity

Question 89

sarconpenia

Answer 89

normal muscle loss as pets age because of sedentary lifestyle and decreased muscle production

Question 90

cachexia

Answer 90

muscle loss caused by an underlying disease process

Question 91

BCS and MCS

Answer 91

complement each other during phsyical examinations of our senior pets

Question 92

an example of when protein restriction would be needed

Answer 92

with renal disease

Question 93

T or F: protein requirements increase in the senior stage of life

Answer 93

true

Question 94

T or F: aging in dogs can lead to muscle atrophy

Answer 94

true

Question 95

T or F: while dietary protein can help with muscle loss it can increase the workload on the kidneys

Answer 95

true

Question 96

T or F: feeding specific amino acids can target specific issues to stimulate development

Answer 96

true

Question 97

T or F: AAFCO does not recognize senior life-stages

Answer 97

true

Question 98

T or F: there is no way to ensure phos. hasnt been restricted in OTC diets

Answer 98

true

Question 99

why can fiber be beneficial to senior pets

Answer 99

decreased water intake cause constripation which fiber can combat as well as normalize the GI tract

Question 100

T or F: 1-3 arthritic dogs are also overweight

Answer 100

true

Question 101

T or F: athritic cats can have inappropriate urinations or a geneally decreased mobility

Answer 101

true

Question 102

cals from protein recommended for working dogs

Answer 102

30-35%

Question 103

cals from fat recommended for working dogs

Answer 103

50-65%

Question 104

cals from carbs recommended for working dogs

Answer 104

10-15%

Question 105

for working dogs, meals should be given when?

Answer 105

one meal - 4h pre exercise and one meal - 2h post exercise

Question 106

amino acids provide ___% of the energy used during exercise

Answer 106

5-15%

Question 107

T or F: muscle and organ-based meats have the highest essential amino-acid content

Answer 107

true

Question 108

working dogs rely on what for fuel

Answer 108

muscle glycogen and free fatty acids