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Nutrition > reading pet food labels > Flashcards

reading pet food labels Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Pet food labels are considered legal documents

A

true

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2
Q

T or F: Pet food labels tell us the quality of ingredients

A

false

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3
Q

Pet foods are regulated at the _____ ___ ____

A

point of sale

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4
Q

AAFCO

A

Association of American Feed Control Officials

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5
Q

What is AAFCO

A

elected body who are the recognized source for pet food labling, ingredients, definitions and standardized food testing methods

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6
Q

AAFCO ensures what?

A

that manufactured pet foods are formulated/test-fed to be complete and balanced

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7
Q

T or F: There are NO regulations in canada in the manufacturing of pet food

A

true

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8
Q

FDA

A

is responsible for some labeling regulations in the US
specifies certain ingredients/drugs/additives and enforces regulation

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9
Q

What happens if a pet food manufacturer makes a health claim for a product?

A

FDA launches an investigation and could require a label change

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10
Q

CFIA

A

Canada Food Inspection Agency

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11
Q

The role of the CFIA

A

regulates pet food imports to prevent animal diseases from entering Canada
may require an inspection of producing establishment in a foreign country before issuing a permit

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12
Q

2 parts of a pet food label

A

principal display panel
information panel

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13
Q

What is the principal display panel

A

label most likely to be displayed
attracts customers attention
clearly displays product identity
brand name
product vignette (visualization of the product must be an accurate reflection)

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14
Q

T or F: If a certain product is in the name of a pet food it must contain a certain amount of said product

A

true

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15
Q

examples of labels using certain products and including the content amount

A

chicken - 70% chicken in the diet
chicken dinner/entre - 10% wet, 25% dry chicken
with chicken - 3% chicken

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16
Q

Why can an information panel be misleading?

A

measures the weight of the ingredients but includes the moisture content

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17
Q

Why do some diets list components of the same food seperately?

A

makes the diet appear less heavy
Ex: rice broken down into brown rice, white rice, etc, makes diet look less rice-heavy

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18
Q

Guaranteed analysis

A

show min and max levels of nutrients in diet
useful in determining the general nutrient content of a diet (doesnt indicate the quality)

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19
Q

is the guaranteed analysis useful in comparing diets?

A

no, because the specific nutrient contents are not given

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20
Q

Guaranteed analysis

A

Crude Protein (min) - accurate measure of quantity not quality
Crude Fat (min) - used to assess the energy density of the diet
Crude Fiber (max) - estimare of indigestible portion of the diet, usually estimates true fiber content
Moisture (max) - the water content in the product, cannot exceed 75% water

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21
Q

What is a diet called once it’s above 75% water

A

in gravy or in sauce

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22
Q

Ash generally refers to what?

A

mineral content

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23
Q

High ash contents have been historically linked to what?

A

urinary issues in cats

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24
Q

The _____ levels in Ash diets may cause feline struvite urolithiases

A

magnesium

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25
Q

Nutritional Adequacy Statement

A

more detailed than principal display
helps determine wether claims are made for a specifc food vs all purpose food

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26
Q

3 diets that might not have a nutritional statement

A

treats
snacks
therapeutic

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27
Q

3 ways of feeding trials/substantiating claims

A

feeding trial method
analysis comparable in nutritional adequacy
formulation trial method

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28
Q

Feeding trial method

A

gold standard
animals are fed the diet in question
regular physical exams
body condition assessments
diagnostics to ensure the diet is meeting nutritional needs

29
Q

Analysis comparable in nutritional adequacy

A

ABC animal food provides complete and balanced nutrition for (appropriate life stage) and comparable in nutritional adequacy to product which has been substantiated using AAFCO tests

30
Q

Formulation trial method

A

laboratory nutrient profile analysis
does not require any feeding/digestibility trials to prove availability of nutrients
can be recognized on a label with statements like “meets or exceeds the minimal nutritional levels established by AAFCO”

31
Q

4 categories that can have adequacy claims

A

gestation and lactation
growth
maintenance
all life stages

32
Q

A food product that has passed a growth and gestation/lactation trial can make what claim?

A

complete for all life stages

33
Q

The statement that pet foods are required to have if not meeting AAFCO requirements

A

this product is intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding only

34
Q

T or F: Nutrients in ‘all life stages’ formules may be too high to suit adult/older pets

A

true

35
Q

T or F: Foods labeled as complete and balanced for any/all life stages must list feeding directions on product label

A

true

36
Q

AAFCO defines a meat by-product as what?

A

the non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals. includes lungs, spleen, kidney, brain, liver, blood, bone, stomachs and intestines

37
Q

Rendered

A

process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, useable materials

38
Q

T or F: By-products are not inherently less nutritious and in some cases may have more nutrients/higher amino-acid content

A

true

39
Q

By-product meat commonly found in dog treats

A

bully-sticks (bull’s penis)
pig ears
tendons

40
Q

Corn myths

A

when certain ingredients aren’t obtained, food is labelled as “free from” which can mislead clients into thinking it’s harmful
Corn isn’t an allergen - its extremely rare
non-digestible doesn’t exactly exist with corn, once it’s ground and cooked its 97% digestible
non-nutritious doesnt exactly exist with corn, essential nutrients, including protein, antioxidants, fatty acids

41
Q

Grain-free myths

A

properly cooked it’s 90% digestible
provides an excellent source of energy
provides EFA’s and fiber
less than 1% of dogs are sensitive to grains
grain-free diets seem to cause heart disease in certain dog breeds

42
Q

T or F: There is a link between grain-free/exotic/boutique diets (BEG) and Dilated Cardio Myopathy in large dog breeds

A

true

43
Q

Preservative

A

any substance that’s capable of inhibiting/retarding the growth of microorganisms or of masking the evidence of such deterioration

44
Q

_________ of fats can lead to toxic changes or reduced calories in the diet

A

oxidation

45
Q

Antioxidants are included in diets to combat what?

A

fats undergoing lipid peroxidation - oxidative destruction in storage

46
Q

List some naturally-derived antioxidants in pet food

A

tocopherols (vit E compounds)
citric Acid (citrus fruits)
ascorbic acid (vit C)
rosemary extract

47
Q

List some syntheitc antioxidants in pet foods

A

butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA)
butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
tertiary butylhydroquine (TBHQ)
Ethoxyquin

48
Q

T or F: Canned foods do not containt antioxidants

A

true

49
Q

Are raw diets better?

A

no, the veterinary field has agreed that (so far) there is no evidence that supports the idea that raw is better. More advised against due to the high risk of bacteria and diseases

50
Q

RMBD

A

raw meat based diet

51
Q

T or F:Meats/plant food sold in stores are contaminated by pathogenic bacteria

A

true

52
Q

T or F: Raw/undercooked meat is a frequent cause of food poisoning and foodborne illness outbreaks

A

true

53
Q

T or F: Raw diets are often incomplete and unbalanced

A

true unless its reputable

54
Q

If raw diets are properly formatted can they be nutritionally beneficial?

A

yes

55
Q

T or F: Homemade diets are classically nutrient deficient

A

true

56
Q

List some health issues that can occur from homemade raw diets

A

skeletal/developmental deficiencies in puppies
taurine deficiences in the heart muscle of kittens
hyperthyroidism in dogs that’re fed diets that contain raw beef gullet

57
Q

List some positives of raw meat

A

highly digestible
can result in good stool quality
can result in a shiny, healthy coat
when cooked at the right temp, the digestibility of proteins and grains can be increased

58
Q

List some reasons why human food/home diets may be considered

A

commercial diets are not palatable/acceptable
health issues
medical issues
owner prefers home diets

59
Q

Can home recipes be appropriate?

A

yes if formulated properly by committed owners

60
Q

T or F: Despite bones having the ability to cause GI issues/obstructions/fractures/etc, many raw feeders recommend it

A

true

61
Q

List some things that should be considered when an owner is formulating a home diet

A

age
breed
activity level
food preferences
commitment

62
Q

T or F: Once a home diet is established, it’s important that you follow it directly otherwise a shift can lead to an imbalance of nutrients

A

true

63
Q

Natural

A

food that has undergone very little processing and contains no preservatives/artificial flavours

64
Q

Should foods labelled as ‘natural’ be met with skepticism?

A

yes because most “all natural” diets still contain synthetic vitamins and minerals

65
Q

Organic

A

certified food that has grown from soil that had no prohibited substances applied at least 3 years prior to harvest (no pesticides, insecticides, growth hormones, antibiotics)

66
Q

T or F: No complete and balanced pet food can be considered 100% organic

A

true - need to add inorganic vitamins, minerals and trace nutrients

67
Q

Holistic

A

implies consideration of the health of the whole animal/person instead of just a single aspect/symptom
(no recognized official def)

68
Q

F.D.A

A

Food and Drug Association

Nutrition (6 decks)

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