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neuroscience applicationa > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

The basic components of the limbic system are?

A 
Hippocampus
Septal area
Amygdala
Prefrontal cortex
Cingulate Gyrus
Hypothalamus
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2
Q

What are the two functions of the limbic system?

A

To modulate functions of the hypothalamus or midbrain periaqueductal gray matter

Short term memory

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3
Q

Where does the limbic system receive information from?

A
  1. Sensory systems- One or more; directly or after processing in cortex
  2. Brainstem monoaminergic systems-dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, melatonin; this is the basis for mood change
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4
Q

Where do the limbic structures project to?

A

Hypothalamus, Midbrain PAG, somatic motor, ANS neurons of brain and cord&raquo_space;For Modulation Can occur indirectly or directly

Feedback signals to cortex- provide emotional quality to sensory signals

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5
Q

The Papez Circuit explains the basic way ______ and _____ work.

A

2 way circiut for emotion Limbic and Cortex

memory storage

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6
Q

What are the components of the hippocampal formation

A

hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and subicular cortex

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7
Q

The output of the hippocampal formation goes through which structure?

A

Fornix > Septal area>Thalamus, mammillary bodies, hypothalamus, entorhinal, cingulate, preforontal cortex>contralateral hippocampus

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8
Q

What are the 4 functions of the hippocampal formation?

A

Attach emotional significance to snesory input
Modulate aggression
Modulate autonomic and endocrine functions
Learning and Memory

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9
Q

Where does the hippocampal formation receive input from?

A
  1. Entorhinal cortex with visual, auditory, and olfactory info
  2. Septal area
  3. Prefrontal cortex(9 and 10), anterior cingulate (32, 33), premammillary region
  4. Reticular formation (monoamine fibers) influencing mood
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10
Q

Where does information from the hippocamplal formation go to?

A
  1. Septal area
  2. Thalamus (anterior nucleus), mammillary bodies, hypothalamus; entorhinal, cingulate prefrontal cortex
  3. To contralateral hippocampus via commissure
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11
Q

How does info leave the hippocampal formation?

A

Fornix

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12
Q

What are the functions of the hippocampus?

4

A
  1. Attach emotional significance to sensory input
  2. Modulation of aggression
  3. Modulation of autonomic and endocrine functions
  4. Learning and memory
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13
Q

T/F The hippocampus is active during the acquisition of learning

A

True

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14
Q

Deficits in memory result from….. with the hippocampus

A

hippocampal input or output deficits

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15
Q

T/F The hippocampus is responsibile for spatial memory and for consolidation of memory from short term to long term memory

A

True

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16
Q

How long does short term memory last?

A

few minutes-few hours

Is subject to disruption and distortion

17
Q

How long does long term memory last?

A

days, weeks, or much longer

Stable, self maintained

18
Q

____ memory is alterations of existing synaptic connections and mechanisms of synaptic transmission

A

Short term memory

19
Q

_____ mmemory requires multiple training trials

A

Long term

20
Q

_____ memory does not require more permanent cellular changes such as gene transcription

A

Short term

21
Q

_____ Requires synthesis of new proteins and changes are mediated by second messenger systmes

A

Long term memory

22
Q

How can one improve his or her memory?

A
  1. Pay attention
  2. Organize
  3. Make connections
  4. Sharpen intelligent memory
  5. Have a plan
23
Q

The nucleus accumbens is associated with which neurotransmitter and belongs in which area of the limbic system?

A

Norepinephrine

Septal area

24
Q

Input to the septal area comes from

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Monoaminergic brainstem systems
  3. Hippocampus
  4. Amygdala
  5. Lateral hypothalamus
25
Q

Output from septal area goes to

A
  1. Hypothalamus (modulates hypothalamic function
  2. hippocampus via reciprocal connection
  3. anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex
26
Q

What are the functions of the septal area?

A
  1. aggression
  2. rage
  3. ANS functions
  4. rhythm generation for hippocampus
27
Q

Where does the amygdala get input from?

A
  1. sensory systems, olfaction, taste, auditory

2. Cortex and prefrontal cortex

28
Q

Where does info from the amygdala go?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. stria terminalis
  3. Periaquaductal gray area
29
Q

What are the functions of the amygdala?

A
  1. Visceral processes of the hypothalamus
  2. Modulate aggression
  3. Organizing fear response
  4. modulation of feeding and drinking
  5. endocrine functions
30
Q

Where does the prefrontal cortex receive info from?

A
  1. All regions of the cortex
  2. brainstem monoaminergic systems
  3. limbic structures and related structures
31
Q

Where does prefrontal cortex limbic info do?

A

Executive function via direct projections to hypothalamus
and indirectly to the thalamus

Modulates everything

32
Q

Where does input to the cingluate gyrus come from?

A
  1. anterior thalamic nucleus

2. ventral tegmental dopamine neurons

33
Q

Where does cingluate gyrus info go to?

A

Dorsal medial nucleus of the thalamus

Hippocampus (subicular cortex)

34
Q

Areas of the limbic system affected in Alzheimer’s are?

A
  1. Hippocampus
  2. Amygdala
  3. Parahippocampal gyrus
35
Q

People with schizophrenia often have deficits in the prefrontal and temporal-hippocampal regions causing which kinds of impairments?

A

Verbal memory impairment

Declarative memory deficits

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