Limbic System

Question 1

What are the functions of Limbic system?

Answer 1

• Emotional behavior related to survival. Visceral responses accompanying emotions.
• Process of turning short term memory into long term (consolidation)

Question 2

-Limbic lobe
-Subcortical nuclei
-Connecting pathways
These are part of what?

Answer 2

Limbic system

Question 3

Subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus,

hippocampus and dentate gyrus. These are all part of what?

Answer 3

Limbic Lobe

Question 4

Amygdala, septal, hypothalamus (e.g., mamillary bodies), thalamus
(e.g., anterior, mediodorsal), habenula, midbrain reticular formation. These are part of what?

Answer 4

Subcortical Nuclei

Question 5

_____ gyrus:

-Junctional region between neocortex, and allo/archicortex

Answer 5

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 6

Entorhinal area is located within _____ gyrus.

Answer 6

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 7

Parahippocampal gyrus: Entorhinal area faces _____ and faces _____ formation.

Answer 7

Neorcortex; hippocampal

Question 8

How many layers are in neocortex, and alloarchicortex?

Answer 8

3; 6

Question 9

What structures are found within the Hippocampal formation? (3)

Answer 9

Hippocampus, Dentate gyrus, Subiculum

Question 10

Hippocampal formation: How many layers does hippocampus (archicortex) have?

Answer 10

3 layers

Question 11

Hippocampal formation: How many layers does Dentate gyrus have?

Answer 11

3 layers

Question 12

Hippocampal formation: What is the Subiculum?

Answer 12

Transitional zone

Question 13

Hippocampal formation: What are the 3 layers of Hippocampus?

Answer 13

Polymorphic cell (1 layer), Pyramidal cell,(Main type; 5) and Molecular layer(6).

Question 14

Major input is from _____ cortex which receives input from all association cortices and projects back to those association areas

Answer 14

entorhinal cortex

Question 15

_____ cells are among the first to to be affected in diseases resulting in memory loss and loss of intellectual functions.

Answer 15

Pyramidal cells (Main cell of hippocampus)

Question 16

Neurogenesis: neuronal stem cells located deep to _____ cell layer; mature into _____ neurons; increase in ______ activity seen in response to appropriate sensory stimulation

Answer 16

granule; functional; mitotic

Question 17

Entorhinal cortex is afferent or efferent of the fornix?

Answer 17

Both

Question 18

What is the function of Entorhinal cortex?

Answer 18

Cognitive and sensory information from association cortices

Question 19

Each one fornix (per side) has what 3 parts?

Answer 19

Crura, Body, and Columns

Question 20

_____ Circuit: may be involved with cognitive processes including _____ functions which are processed through hippocampal formation via cingulate gyrus

Answer 20

Papez; memory

Question 21

Cingulate gyrus> _____ area> Hippocampal formation> _____> Mammillary body> _____ Nucleus and Internal capsule> Cingulate gyrus

Answer 21

Entorhinal; Fornix; Anterior thalamic

Question 22

What type of memory is stored in the Hippocampus formation?

Answer 22

Newly, short term memory

Question 23

Limbic system has retention of information in _____ memory and its transfer into long term declarative memory

Answer 23

short term

Question 24

_____potentiation is vital for consolidation of memory traces

Answer 24

Long-term

Question 25

Cholinergic activity: significant for _____ [central ACh blockade severely impairs memory for lists of names, numbers]

Answer 25

learning

Question 26

Is ACh made in the limbic system?

Answer 26

No, it is released here

Question 27

What is Anterograde amnesia?

Answer 27

Loss of ability to create new memory, or recall of newly acquired information.

Question 28

Bilateral damage or removal of anterior part of temporal lobe can cause what?

Answer 28

Anterograde amnesia

Question 29

Bilateral damage or removal of anterior part of temporal lobe causes loss of _____ memory, not _____ memory.

Answer 29

Declarative; procedural (motor skill)

Question 30

Lesion in mamillary bodies, thalamus and alcoholism can cause what syndrome?

Answer 30

Korsakoff's

Question 31

Loss of short term memory and fabrication of recent events is a symptom of what syndrome?

Answer 31

Korsakoff's

Question 32

Projections from basal cholinergic forebrain nuclei (ACh) lost and/or degenerative changes in entorhinal area and hippocampus. Can cause what disease?

Answer 32

Alzheimer's (memory loss)

Question 33

Amygdaloid body: Group of nuclei in the dorsomedial portion of the _____ lobe, near the tip of the _____ horn.

Answer 33

temporal; inferior

Question 34

Limbic and amygdaloid body are essential for?

Answer 34

Survival

Question 35

Emotions = activities of the brain evoked by incentives for survival; fear (evaluates “threat”; is a behavioral response appropriate for each situation). What is it?

Answer 35

Amygdaloid body

Question 36

What are the 3 nuclei of Amygdala?

Answer 36

Basolateral (largest), Central, and Corticomedial (poorly developed)

Question 37

What are the 3 subcortical afferents to amygdala?

Answer 37

Thalamus; RF; Hypothalamus

Question 38

Cortical afferents to amygdala: All association areas which are also linked with _____ cortex

Answer 38

prefrontal

Question 39

Amygdaloid has reciprocal between _____ and _____ neocortices and anterior cingulate gyrus.

Answer 39

prefrontal; temporal

Question 40

Efferent of Amygdaloid: Stria terminalis projects to?

Answer 40

- *Septal area*(indirectly influences autonomic nuclei) - Preoptic area - Anterior hypothalamus

Question 41

Efferent of Amygdaloid: Ventral amygdalofugal projects to?

Answer 41

* Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus> Prefrontal cortex* | - Nucleus accumbens

Question 42

Amygdaloid is involved with the behavioral and emotional functions of the limbic system. What are they? (4Fs)

Answer 42

Fight, Fleeting, Feeding, F***

Question 43

Nuclei of Amygdala: Corticomedial (poorly developed) function?

Answer 43

Respond to unpleasant/ pleasant odors

Question 44

Nuclei of Amygdala: Basolateral (largest) function?

Answer 44

Assess nature of input (threat or not) ; provides perception of emotion

Question 45

Nuclei of Amygdala: Central function?

Answer 45

Along with Corticomedial: Appropriate autonomic and motor responses (expression of emotions)

Question 46

Nature of input: friendly (or not), frightening, dangerous. Which Amygdaloid nuclei assesses?

Answer 46

Basolateral

Question 47

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and Medial forebrain bundle are both part of what system?

Answer 47

Limbic system

Question 48

Amygdala activity produces the _____ and _____ responses that accompany fear and anxiety

Answer 48

autonomic; somatic

Question 49

A lesion in Amygdala or bilateral removal of the temporal lobes (including amygdala and much of the hippocampus) will cause what syndrome?

Answer 49

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Question 50

What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome? –Absence of _____ responses – Overly attentive to all _____ stimuli; examine all objects visually, tactilely, and orally – _____ (may be perverse) – Visual agnosia (objects are not recognized visually- damage to posterior _____ lobe)

Answer 50

emotional; sensory; Hypersexuality; temporal

Question 51

Anxiety and phobias, Schizophrenia, Epilepsy can all be linked to _____ dysfunction.

Answer 51

Amygdala

Question 52

-Activity of visual association cortex via hippocampus to amygdala leading to inappropriate activity and excessive symptoms of anxiety -Fearful visual images may be recalled by the current visual scene. These are symptoms of?

Answer 52

Anxiety and Phobias

Question 53

Regionally specific atrophy predominantly affecting | medial temporal lobe, frontal and temporal parts of cortex, and thalamus. This is a symptom of?

Answer 53

Schizophrenia

Question 54

Most frequent focal site is medial surface of temporal | lobe. This is symptom of?

Answer 54

Epilepsy