Reticular Formation

Question 1

Nuclei of the RF:
-_____ half is essential for
arousal, consciousness, and waking state
-_____ half for automatic breathing, CV,GI reflexes

Answer 1

Rostral; Caudal

Question 2

(T/F) Neurons of the RF has Indirect & direct connections with all levels of CNS.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

RF neurons have long _____ .

Answer 3

Axons

Question 4

Descending RF axons are aka?

Answer 4

Reticulospinal track

Question 5

Ascending RF axons are aka?

Answer 5

Asending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Question 6

ARAS ascending in the _____ _____ tract.

Answer 6

Central tegmental

Question 7

Which tract does Raphe nuclei of Medulla use to get to:

-Trigeminal sensory nuclei, Gracile and Cuneate nuclei, and Dorsal horn of spinal cord?

Answer 7

Raphespinal tract

Question 8

How does Pariaqueductal gray matter, Trigeminal sensory nuclei, Gracile and Cuneate nuclei, and Dorsal horn of spinal cord get to Raphe nuclei of Medulla?

Answer 8

Spinomesencephalic tract

Question 9

Serotonergic fibers are made by?

Answer 9

Raphe nuclei

Question 10

-Sertonergic fiber
-Suppression conscious awareness of pain
-Sleep
These are the result of?

Answer 10

Raphe nuclei

Question 11

Spinoreticular tract synapse in _____ group of reticular nuclei.

Answer 11

Central group

Question 12

Fastigial nucleus of cerebellum will synapse in _____ group of reticular nuclei.

Answer 12

Central group

Question 13

Pallidum and Preotpic area releases what neurotransmitter?

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

Hypothalamus releases what neurotransmitter?

Answer 14

Histamine

Question 15

Pedunculopontine and Lateral dorsal Tegmental Nuclei function?

Answer 15

Consciousness and arousal

Question 16

Parabrachial: 
-\_\_\_\_\_ from
solitary nuc. and insula
-\_\_\_\_\_ to hypothalamus, intralaminar nuc, and amygdala
-Relay for \_\_\_\_\_ sensations

Answer 16

Input; Output; visceral

Question 17

What are the functions of RF? (4)

Answer 17

Sleep and Arousal, Pain, Somatic Motor functions, Visceral activities

Question 18

Consciousness - awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings accompanied by neuronal activity in the entire _____ cortex.

Answer 18

cerebral

Question 19

Nocturnal phase:
_____ sleep - easy to awaken
_____ sleep - need strong stimulus to awaken
_____ sleep - muscles relaxed (RF inhibits motor neurons), active cortex, dreaming, need strong stimulus to arouse

Answer 19

Light; Deep; REM

Question 20

Bilateral lesion of medial parts of upper pons and above, including the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. This will cause?

Answer 20

Irreversible coma

Question 21

Tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus is active in what state?

Answer 21

Awake

Question 22

Tuberomamillary nucleus of hypothalamus releases?

Answer 22

Histamine (Wake you up) Antihistamine (drowsy)

Question 23

Locus coeruleus uses _____ to stimulate the whole cerebral cortex.

Answer 23

Noradrenergic

Question 24

Pedunculopontine nucleus uses _____ to stimulate the whole cerebral cortex.

Answer 24

Cholinergic

Question 25

Which 3 groups of neurons directly or indirectly stimulate the whole cerebral cortex?

Answer 25

Locus coeruleus (Noradrenergic), Pedunculopontine nucleus (Cholinergic), and Central group

Question 26

Pedunculopontine nucleus makes?

Answer 26

Acetylcholine (Cholinergic)

Question 27

Reticular nucleus of thalamus and Reticulospinal tracts are?

Answer 27

Cholinergic

Question 28

In REM sleep, cholinergic neurons stimulate the reticular (thalamic) nucleus that _____ other thalamic nuclei to the cortex. Thus, transmission of specific sensory pathways to the cortex is suppressed.

Answer 28

inhibits

Question 29

_____ nucleus - firing pattern follow 24 hour cycle- receive input from retina.

Answer 29

Suprachiasmatic (internal clock)

Question 30

Suprachiasmatic nucleus will regulate release of melatonin from the pineal gland through _____ neurons.

Answer 30

sympathetic

Question 31

Tract for ascending pain pathway (Reticular formation)

Answer 31

Spinoreticular tract

Question 32

Descending inhibitory pathway | 2

Answer 32

- Periaqueductal gray | - Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract)

Question 33

Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract) uses _____ neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Serotonin

Question 34

Raphe magnus (raphespinal tract) receptors in _____ _____.

Answer 34

Substantia gelatinosa