LIMBIC SYSTEM CLINICAL

Question 1

The term ______ refers to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. A defect in one or more of these processes results in amnesia

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

_________refers to conscious retrieval of information. It supports the learning and retention of facts and the conscious recollection of prior events (knowing that).

Answer 2

Explicit memory

Question 3

Types of explicit memory

Answer 3

(1) episodic: personally experienced facts and events with special spatial and temporal localization
(2) semantic: memory of culturally and educationally acquired encyclopedic knowledge such as the meaning of words, arithmetical facts, and geographic and historical information

Question 4

Duration of long vs short term memory

Answer 4

1 minute

Question 5

________supports the learning and retention of skills (knowing how).

Answer 5

Implicit memory

Question 6

Types of Implicit memory

Answer 6

(1) procedural memory : It is characteristically resistant to forgetting, hence its preservation in patients who are otherwise amnesic.

and (2) priming: short-lived enhancement of perceptually based performance following recent exposure to visually similar material

Question 7

Immediate memory may be explained as a __________ at the synapse; longer-lasting memory may be explained as an ___________ of the synapse

Answer 7

transient electric alteration

actual physical or chemical alteration

Question 8

Anatomic correlates
1. Episodic Memory______
(no new information is ever retained beyond the span of 40–60 seconds.)
2. Semantic_________

3. Short-Term (Working) Memory
4. Procedural (Skill Learning) Memory
5. Priming

Answer 8

1. Mesial temporal cortex
2. Temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, particularly the temporal neocortex
3. the left prefrontal cortex subserves working memory for verbal material, and the right prefrontal cortex subserves working memory for nonverbal material
4. basal ganglia and cerebellum
5. unimodal sensory association areas.

Question 9

_______ is the most common type of amnesia. It usually affects verbal and nonverbal (visual) materials equally

Answer 9

Anterograde amnesia

Question 10

Lesion in Korsakoff’s syndrome involves the ________

Answer 10

dorsomedial and midline nuclei of the thalamus, mamillary body, and frontal cerebral cortex.

Question 11

Immediate and very remote memories are unaffected in________

Answer 11

TGA

Question 12

__________s a clinical syndrome observed in humans and other animals after bilateral lesions in the temporal lobe that involve the amygdala, hippocampal formation, and adjacent neural structures.

Answer 12

The Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Question 13

Visual agnosia or psychic blindness (inability to differentiate between friends, relatives, and strangers).

Hyperorality (tendency to examine all objects by mouth).

Hypersexuality (normal as well as perverted sexual activity). Such patients and animals manifest heightened sexual drives toward either sex of their own or other species and even inanimate objects.

Docility.

Lack of emotional response, blunted affect, and apathy
.
Increased appetite, bulimia.

Memory deficit.

Answer 13

Kluver Bucy

Question 14

The neuropathology consists of a severe focal necrotizing process with a predilection for the limbic system

Answer 14

HSV encephalitis

Question 15

A brain biopsy of HSV is diagnostic in showing characteristic intranuclear viral inclusions ) ________ and inflammation

Answer 15

(Cowdry type A inclusions)