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Intro To Drugs > lipid > Flashcards

lipid Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

LDL

A

low density lipid

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2
Q

HDL

A

hight density lipid

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3
Q

Trig

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction, the technical term for a heart attack

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5
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

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6
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

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7
Q

LFT

A

Liver function tests

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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9
Q

Primary prevention

A

preventing the first event

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10
Q

Secondary prevention

A

preventing relapse or second event

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11
Q

Hepatic

A

dealing with the liver

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12
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

abnormal amounts of, lipids and lipoproteins in the blood

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13
Q

3 Major Lipids in the Body

A

cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids

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14
Q

Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia

A 
Defined as:
Elevation in LDL
Elevation in triglycerides
Elevation in total cholesterol
Reduced HDL
Caused by:
Diet
Genetics
Risks:
Predisposition to coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular arterial disease 
Constitutes one of the majorrisk factorsfor coronary heart disease (CHD)
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15
Q

Non Pharmacologic Alternatives

A

Diet
Exercise

Both strategies should CONTINUE to be employed even if the patient requires medication to lower cholesterol

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16
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

Fluvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin, Simvaststin, Atorvaststin, Rosuvaststin, Pitavastatin. end in STATIN

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17
Q

STATIN MOA

A

Blocks HMG-CoA enzyme (first step in cholesterol synthesis)

Leads to a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL

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18
Q

STATIN indications

A

Hyperlipidemia

Primary and secondary prevention of CAD

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19
Q

STATIN adverse effects

A 
Myalgia
GI upset
Diarrhea
Elevated liver enzymes
Hepatotoxicity
Rhabdomyolysis
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20
Q

STATIN contraindications

A

Pregnancy/lactation
Active liver disease
Elevated transaminases

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21
Q

STATIN pregnancy category

A

X

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22
Q

STATIN interactions

A 
Warfarin
Gemfibrizol
Cyclosporine
Amiodarone
Verapamil/Diltiazem/Amlodipine
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23
Q

STATIN counseling

Study These Flashcards
A

For most drugs in the class, take the drug at bedtime
Avoid grapefruit juice due to enzyme inhibition
If unexplained muscle weakness or pain occurs, contact your physician immediately
Most potent LDL lowering agents available

24
Q

Fibric Acid Derivatives

Study These Flashcards
A

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate

25
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate dosing
Capsule
26
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate MOA
Blocks triglyceride synthesis in the liver | Results in a decrease in triglycerides and total cholesterol
27
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate indicationd
Hyperlipidemia | Hypertriglyceridemia
28
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate adverse effects
``` Dyspepsia Abdominal pain Gallstones Hepatotoxicity Myalgias ```
29
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate contraindications
Severe renal impairment including dialysis Severe hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases Gallbladder disease Lactation
30
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate interactions
Warfarin | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
31
Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate counseling
Should be used in combination with a diet and exercise program If unexplained muscle pain or weakness occurs, stop drug and contact physician
32
Niacin – Niaspan drug class
Nicotinic Acid
33
Niacin – Niaspan MOA
Inhibits release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein activity Decreases triglycerides and LDL and increases HDL
34
Niacin – Niaspan indications
Hypertriglyceridemia | Hyperlipidemia
35
Niacin – Niaspan adverse effects
``` Flushing Hyperglycemia Hyperuricemia Headache Hepatotoxicity ```
36
Niacin – Niaspan contraindications
Active peptic ulcer Arterial bleeding Lactation Hepatic impairment
37
Niacin – Niaspan interactions
Bile acid sequestrants
38
Niacin – Niaspan counseling
Take at bedtime Take aspirin or NSAID 30 minutes prior to niacin administration to decrease flushing Take on a full stomach Flushing may worsen with hot, spicy foods/beverages and hot showers/baths
39
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin MOA
Blocks cholesterol absorption in the small intestine | Increases cholesterol clearance from blood
40
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin indications
Hyperlipidemia- with statins
41
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin adverse effects
``` Diarrhea Elevated transaminases Fatigue Myopathy Rhabdomyolysis Hypersensitivity ```
42
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin contraindications
Active hepatic disease Pregnancy/Lactation Unexplained persistent elevation in LFTs
43
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin interactions
Cyclosporine Fibrates Bile acid sequestrants
44
Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin counseling
Does not replace diet and exercise | Report any N/V/D, abdominal pain, muscle pain, fever to physician
45
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Lovaza - capsule MOA
Inhibits liver enzyme system leading to decrease in triglyceride synthesis Lower triglycerides
46
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Lovaza - capsule indications
Hypertriglyceridemia | MI prophylaxis
47
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Lovaza - capsule adverse effects
Erucatation Fishy aftertaste Infection GI upset
48
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Lovaza - capsule interactions
Warfarin | Antiplatelets
49
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Lovaza - capsule counseling
Refrigerate/freeze capsules to minimize “fishy” taste Similar to “fish oil” products obtained OTC Amount of DHA/EPA in each capsule is increased Content of capsule is regulated Lower pill burden than OTC products
50
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol drug class
Bile Acid Sequestrants
51
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol MOA
Binds bile acid in the intestine leading to fecal excretion | Reduces total cholesterol and LDL
52
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol indications
Dyslipidemia Type 2 diabetes mellitus (in combination) – Colesevelam only Pruritis/Diarrhea associated with increased bile acid Binding toxicologic agents
53
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol adverse effects
Flatulence Dyspepsia Steatorhhea Constipation +/- fecal impaction
54
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol contraindications
Biliary/bile obstruction | Elevated triglycerides >400
55
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol interactions
Orally administered medications | Fat soluble vitamins
56
Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol counseling
Mix powder with 4-6 ounces of liquid Take capsules individually with full glass of water To avoid drug-drug interactions, take at least 1 hour prior to other medications or 4-6 hours following other medications
57
Current Go-To Guidelines
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)  Lipids and Cholesterol The American Heart Association ACS/MI, etc.

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