respiratory system Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Upper respiratory tract
A
Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea
2
Q
Lower respiratory tract
A
Bronchial tree and lungs
3
Q
Pharynx (throat
A
Receives air after it passes though nose
4
Q
Larynx (voice box)
A
Triangular chamber located between pharynx and trachea
5
Q
Epiglottis
A
Lid-like structure located at base of tongue
6
Q
Mediastinum
A
Cavity between lungs
7
Q
BR, Br
A
Bronchitis
8
Q
BRO, bronch
A
Bronchoscopy
9
Q
CF
A
Cystic fibrosis
10
Q
SAS
A
Sleep apnea syndromes
11
Q
URI
A
Upper respiratory infection
12
Q
PPV
A
Positive pressure ventilation
13
Q
Pno
A
Pneumothorax
14
Q
CSB
A
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
15
Q
diph
A
Diphtheria
16
Q
PCP
A
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
17
Q
COPD
A
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Partial obstruction of bronchi
Difficult to get air in and out so hard to breathe
18
Q
Chronic bronchitis
A
airways inflamed and thickened, and increase in mucus- producing cells
19
Q
Emphysema
A
progressive loss of lung function
20
Q
Bronchospasm
A
: contraction of smooth muscle in walls of bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze airway shut
21
Q
Asthma
A
chronic allergic disorder characterized by severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing
22
Q
Upper respiratory infections
A
common cold
23
Q
Epistaxis
A
nose bleed
24
Q
Allergic rhinitis
A
: allergy
25
Rhinorrhea
runny nose
26
Sinusitis
: inflammation of sinuses
27
Pharyngitis:
inflammation of lungs
28
Pneumonia
: inflammation of lungs
29
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
30
Tiotropium
Inhaled Anticholinergics
31
Tiotropium MOA
Competitive inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle
32
Tiotropium indications
Long term management of COPD
33
Tiotropium adverse effects
Dry mouth
34
Tiotropium key facts
Caution use in patients with glaucoma or narrow angle glaucoma
35
Tiotropium counseling
Proper inhalation technique
Capsule inhaled via HandiHaler device
Do NOT swallow capsule
36
Albuterol
Beta-2 Agonists, Inhaled
37
Albuterol MOA
Bronchodilation: relaxing smooth muscles of bronchioles
38
Albuterol indications
Relief and prevention of bronchospasm associated with asthma and COPD
Acute attacks of bronchospasm
Exercise – induced bronchospasm
39
Albuterol adverse effects
Palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, CNS stimulation
40
Albuterol key facts
Use with cautions in the following patients
| Cardiac arrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, or diagnosed or suspected pheochromocytoma
41
Albuterol counseling
Proper administration technique
| If use more than 2 times per week and not on any anti-inflammatory inhalers, see healthcare provider
42
Fluticasone
Corticosteroids, Inhaled
43
Fluticasone MOA
Decrease inflammatory cells
| Cause smooth muscle relaxation
44
Fluticasone indications
Chronic management of asthma
45
Fluticasone adverse effects
Hoarseness, dry mouth, oral candidiasis
46
Fluticasone key facts
NOT used for acute attacks
May take 1 – 4 weeks to see maximal benefit
Avoid with CYP3A4 inhibitors
Protease inhibitors (used in treatment of HIV/AIDS
47
Fluticasone counseling
Rinse mouth out with water after each use
| Proper inhalation technique
48
Fluticasone intranasal MOA
Decrease number of inflammatory cells
Inhibitor bronchoconstrictor mechanisms
Produce direct smooth muscle relaxation
Decreased airway hyperresponsiveness
49
Fluticasone intranasal indications
Relief of symptoms of seasonal and perennial rhinitis
| Prevention of nasal polyps
50
Fluticasone intranasal adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, epistaxis, throat discomfort, nasal irritation
51
Fluticasone intranasal key facts
Administer by nasal inhalation only
| Caution spraying into eyes
52
Fluticasone intranasal patient counseling
Blow nose before each use
Avoid blowing nose 10 – 15 minutes after use
May take 1 – 2 weeks for maximal benefit
53
Montelukast
Leukotriene Inhibitors
54
Montelukast MOA
Decrease airway edema
Relax smooth muscles
Inhibitor inflammatory responses
55
Montelukast indications
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
Seasonal allergic rhinitis (>2 years of age)
Perennial allergic rhinitis (> 6 months of age)
56
Montelukast adverse effects
Headache, nausea, diarrhea, abnormal liver function test
57
Montelukast key facts
Avoid use in patients with liver disease
Dose adjusted when used with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP450 2C9 and 3A4 enzymes
Monitor for neuropsychiatric symptoms
58
Montelukast counseling
Use everyday
| Not for acute attacks
59
Theophylline
Xanthine Derivatives
60
Theophylline MOA
Inhibits phosphodiesterase
| Directly relaxes smooth muscle in bronchial airways
61
Theophylline indications
Symptomatic treatment or prevention of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema
62
Theophylline adverse effects
Gastroesophageal reflux, headache, increased urination, insomnia, nausea, nervousness
63
Theophylline key facts
Dosing individualized
Requires concentration monitoring
Interacts with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP450 2E1, 1A2, and 3A4
Charbroiled foods may increase its elimination
64
Theophylline counseling
Take liquid or immediate release formulation on empty stomach
Do not break, chew or crush extended release formulation
Capsules can be sprinkled on small amount of food and swallowed whole without chewing
Avoid smoking
Avoid dietary stimulants
Tea, coffee, chocolate
65
Albuterol and ipratropium
Beta-2 Agonist/Anticholinergic Combination Inhaler
66
Albuterol and ipratropium indications
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD
| Acute asthma exacerbation
67
Albuterol and ipratropium adverse effects
Cough, nervousness, blurred vision, palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, headache, CNS stimulation
68
Albuterol and ipratropium key facts
Low potential for adverse effects except dry mouth with inhalation
Use with caution in patients with glaucoma or urinary retention
Avoid use with soy or peanut allergies
69
Albuterol and ipratropium counseling
Proper administration technique
Avoid contact with eyes
Use with proper spacing device
Protect nebulization solution from light
70
Fluticasone and Salmeterol indications
Chronic treatment of asthma and COPD
71
Fluticasone and Salmeterol adverse effects
Cough, dry mouth, oral candidiasis, hoarseness
72
Fluticasone and Salmeterol key facts
NOT used for treatment of exacerbations
Used for maintence
May take 1 – 4 weeks to see maximal benefit
73
Fluticasone and Salmeterol counseling
Proper administration technique
| Rinse mouth out with each use
74
Diphenhydramine MOA
Reversibly, competitively antagonize H1 receptors peripherally and centrally
75
Diphenhydramine indications
Allergic dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, sleep disorders, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness
76
Diphenhydramine adverse effects
Sedation/drowsiness
77
Diphenhydramine key facts
NOT recommended for children < 2 years old
| May be inappropriate for elderly due to anticholinergic effects
78
Diphenhydramine patient counseling
Sedation no longer troublesome after a few days
For motion sickness
Take dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before traveling
79
Diphenhydramine
benadryl
80
Loratadine (Claritin®)
Second Generation Antihistamines
81
Loratadine MOA
Reversibly, competitively antagonize H1 receptors peripherally
82
Loratadine indications
Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
83
Loratadine adverse effects
Dizziness, dyspepsia, headache, nausea, xerostomia
84
Loratadine key fact
Does NOT cause drowsiness
| Available in pseudoephedrine formulation for patients > 12 years old
85
Loratadine counseling
Take at regular intervals
Redi-tabs
Rapidly disintegrating tablets that dissolve on tongue with or without water.
86
Benzonatate
Antitussives
87
Benzonatate MOA
Anesthetizing stretch or cough receptors of vagal afferent fibers
Suppress cough reflexes in medulla
88
Benzonatate indications
Symptomatic relief of nonproductive cough
89
Benzonatate adverse effects
Constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, bronchospasm
90
Benzonatate contraindications
Alcohol and CNS depressants should NOT be used with benzonatate
91
Benzonatate counseling
Swallow whole
| Do NOT chew or dissolve capsule in mouth
92
Oxymetazoline
Decongestants
93
Oxymetazoline MOA
Stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors of vascular smooth muscle
94
Oxymetazoline indications
Temporary relief of nasal congestion due to common cold, sinusitis, and allergies
95
Oxymetazoline adverse effects
Anxiety, insomnia, nausea, sneezing
96
Oxymetazoline key facts
Use with caution in following patients
| Coronary heart disease, angina, hypertension, enlarged prostate, diabetes, glaucoma, and hyperthyroidism
97
Oxymetazoline counseling
Do NOT use > 3 days
Wipe tip of applicator clean after each use
Do not share container
98
Guaifenesin
Expectorants
99
Guaifenesin MOA
Enhance removal of viscous mucus
| Reduce adhesiveness and surface tension
100
Guaifenesin indications
Productive cough associated with common cold and bronchitis
101
Guaifenesin adverse effects
Diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, headache
102
Guaifenesin key facts
Usually used in combination with decongestants, antihistamines, and antitussives
Use cautiously in children
103
Guaifenesin counseling
Follow each dose with full glass of water
| Do not chew or crush extended release formulation
104
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine
Combination Cough/Cold Products
105
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine MOA
Chlorpheniramine: reversibly, competitively antagonizes H1 receptors peripherally
Hydrocodone: depresses cough center in medulla
106
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine indications
Temporary relief of cough and cold associated with allergy
107
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine adverse effects
Drowsiness, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea
108
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine key facts
Administered under close supervision in patients with history of drug abuse or dependence
109
Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine counseling
Shake suspension well before using
