lipidomics Flashcards
(50 cards)
what does “ome” mean
is a suffix that refers to the
collective objects of study within a field
– “ome” was derived from the Greek “ομα”,
which itself is not a Greek suffix
what does genome mean
the complete collection of
genes within a species
what is genomics
the study of
genomes within a species
what are some of the other omic subfields of genomics
– Cognitive genomics
– Comparative genomics
– Functional genomics
– Transcriptomics
– Epigenomics
– Nutrigenomics
proteome
the complete collection of
proteins and modified proteins produced
by a species
peoteomics
the study of proteomes within
a species
* Proteomics typically requires the use of
mass spectrometry methods
what are the subfield omics of proteomics
– Structural proteomics
– Nutriproteomics
– Immunoproteomics
lipidome
the complete collection of lipids
and modified lipids within a species
lipidomics
the study of lipidomes within a
species
Advances in mass spectrometry (in 1991)
allowed for its use to detect different
classes of lipids
emergence of lipidomics
Lipidomics first emerged in 2003 whereby
differing multiple species and classes of
lipids from animal models of various
metabolic disorders could be quantified
simultaneously within minutes
why care about the lipidome
understanding cellular functions
deciphering metabolic changes
identifying markers of sudden physiological events
food: are you really getting what you think you are purhcasing
understanding cellular function
identifying the specific lipid species that
modify protein functions, membrane
localization of lipid species, specific lipid
species involved in intracellular signalling
deciphering metabolic changes
specific
changes to the lipidome can reflect
specific metabolic disorders associated
with lipid metabolism
identifying markers of sudden physiological events
levels of specific
species of lipids can abruptly change in
the bloodstream or in sections of tissues in response to a pending event or already
occurred event
what are the basic steps prior to lipidomics analases
tissue or cells
homogenization and membrane fractionation
//optional: addition of antioxidants
lipid extraction
//optional: addition of internal standards
storage/ concentration of lipid extracts
basic steps for lipidomics analyses
storage concentration of lipid extracts
direct infusion or front end separation
(branches into two sections)
1- survey scan
provide information on molecule ion mass
- tandem mass spectrometry/ product ion scan/ precursor ion scan/ neutral ion scan
provide information on polar headgroups and fatty acyl constituents
how many primary mass spectrometry
methods are typically used for identifying
and quantifying lipids and what are they
three
– Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
(GC-MS)
– Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
(ESI-MS)
– Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization
mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)
what does mass spectrometry involve
Mass spectrometry involves the charging
of a particle which then passes through a
magnetic field to deflect the charged
particle along a circular path on a radius
that is proportional to the ratio of mass to
charge (or m/z)
mass spectrometry steps
sample goes into ion source then into mass analyzer then to a detector and finally we analyze the data
what does EI-MS produce
it is the simplest mass spectrometry method and produces cations
that undergo fragmentatio
EI-MS is considered
a ‘hard ionization’
method because radical-mediated
fragmentation of a molecule continues
until a stable fragment is achieve
what is CI-MS
method of mass spectrometry
that introduces a gas to act as a reagent
for ion generation at a lower voltage
what is the voltage used for CI-MS
20-40 eV
what is the voltage used for EI-MS
70 eV
