lipids-1

Question 1

what are the three steps to naming lipids

Answer 1

1- how many carbons
2- how many double bonds
3- where the double bonds are

Question 2

what are fatty acids (3 words)

Answer 2

amphipathic carboxylic acid

Question 3

what are 2 things that fatty acids are a key component of

Answer 3

storage and membrane lipids

Question 4

are fatty acids more commonly cis or trans

Answer 4

cis

Question 5

how does degree of saturation relate to melting point

Answer 5

higher degree of saturation=higher melting point

Question 6

what does a low degree of saturation mean to melting point

Answer 6

low melting point

Question 7

what does a high degree of saturation mean to melting point

Answer 7

high melting point

Question 8

why are membrane lipids amphipathic (what makes it so)

Answer 8

hydrophilic end / polar head group

hydrophobic end / fatty acid tail

Question 9

what charge or membrane lipids in the polar part of the lipid

Answer 9

neutral or negative

Question 10

what do variations in membrane lipid composition affect

Answer 10

the specific nature of the membrane

Question 11

what are the 5 primary types of membrane lipids

Answer 11

• glycerophospholipids
• sphingolipids
• galactolipids
• tetraether lipids
• sterol lipids

Question 12

what are the 4 classes of lipids

Answer 12

• phospholipids
• glycolipids
• sulfolipids
• ether lipids

Question 13

what are 2 types of phospholipids

Answer 13

glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids

Question 14

what is a type of phospholipid sphingolipid

Answer 14

sphingomyelin

Question 15

what are 3 types of glycolipids

Answer 15

sphingolipid
inositol lipids
galactolipids

Question 16

what are 3 types of phospholipid sphingolipid

Answer 16

cerebrosides
globosides
gangliosides

Question 17

what are ether lipids / another name for it

Answer 17

tetraether

Question 18

what is the central core of glycerophospholipids

Answer 18

glycerol-3-phosphate

Question 19

is glycerol chiral

Answer 19

no

Question 20

is glycerol-3-phosphate chiral

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what is the chiral center of glycerol-3-phosphate

Answer 21

C2

Question 22

is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be saturated

Answer 22

R1

Question 23

is R1 or R2 in glycerophospholipids more likely to be unsaturated

Answer 23

R2

Question 24

how are fatty acids connected to the glycerol backbone

Answer 24

ester linkages (carbon 1 and 2)

Question 25

is the fatty acid attached to C2 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated

Answer 25

unsaturated

Question 26

is the fatty acid attached to C1 of glycerol usually saturated or unsaturated

Answer 26

saturated

Question 27

what kind of substituent is often attached to the phosphate of glycerophospholipids

Answer 27

a polar substituent

Question 28

what kind of bond would it be if an alcohol was attached to the phosphate of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 28

phosphodiester

Question 29

what ultimately determines the "type" of glycerophospholipid

Answer 29

the substituent that is attached to the phosphate

Question 30

what is phosphatidic acid

Answer 30

a glycerophospholipid with no additional polar group (so just an H)

Question 31

what is the charge of phosphatidic acid

Answer 31

-1 (charge just from glycerol-3-phosphate)

Question 32

what is the charge of phosphatidate

Answer 32

-2 (charge from glycerol-3-phosphate and the PO4-)

Question 33

what contributes the normal -1 charge on glycerophospholipids

Answer 33

the phosphate from glycerol-3-phosphate

Question 34

what kind of charges can the head groups of glycerophospholipids contribute and what does this do to the charge of the whole lipid

Answer 34

positive or negative (or neutral) | making the whole lipid neutral or negative

Question 35

do the lipid groups attached to C1 and C2 vary depending on the glycerophospholipid head group

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what is phosphatidate

Answer 36

the conjugate base of phosphatidic acid

Question 37

what is the charge of ethanolamine as part of lipid

Answer 37

0

Question 38

what is the charge of choline as part of lipid

Answer 38

0

Question 39

what is the charge of serine as part of lipid

Answer 39

-1

Question 40

what is the thing attached to phosphate in phosphatidic acid

Answer 40

H

Question 41

what is the thing attached to phosphate in choline

Answer 41

CH2CH2N(CH3)3+

Question 42

what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine

Answer 42

CH2CH2NH3+

Question 43

what is the thing attached to phosphate in ethanolamine

Answer 43

CH2CH2NH3+

Question 44

what is the thing attached to phosphate in serine

Answer 44

CH2CH(CH3+)COO-

Question 45

what is the charge of myo-inositol as part of lipid

Answer 45

-1

Question 46

what is the charge of glycerol as part of lipid

Answer 46

-1

Question 47

what is the charge of phosphatidyl glycerol as part of lipid (as the X group)

Answer 47

-2

Question 48

what kind of lipid is phosphatidylinositol

Answer 48

glycolipid

Question 49

what do you call it when H is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 49

phosphatidic acid

Question 50

what do you call it when ethanolamine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 50

phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 51

what do you call it when choline is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 51

phosphatidylcholine

Question 52

what do you call it when serine is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 52

phosphatidylserine

Question 53

what do you call it when myo-inositol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 53

phosphatidylinositol

Question 54

what do you call it when glycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 54

phosphatidylglycerol

Question 55

what do you call it when phosphatidylglycerol is the R group in the phosphate head of a glycerophospholipid

Answer 55

diphosphatidylglycerol