Lipids Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Consists of fixed oils, fats and waxes
A
lipids
2
Q
Lipids are also known as
A
lipins or lipoids
3
Q
Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols, or of closely related derivatives
A
lipids
4
Q
primary function of lipids are
A
food (energy) storage
5
Q
liquid at normal room temperaure
A
Fatty or fixed oil liquid
6
Q
semi-solid or solid at ordinary temperature
A
Fats
7
Q
Fatty or fixed oils- Liquid at normal room temperature EXCEPT
A
coconut oil
8
Q
Fats- semi-solid or solid at ordinary temperature EXCEPT
A
Cod liver oil
9
Q
The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of the substance
A
ACID VALUE OR ACID NUMBER
10
Q
The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids and saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance
A
SAPONIFICATION VALUE
11
Q
The number of grams of iodine absorbed, under prescribed conditions, by 100 grams of substance
A
IODINE NUMBER
12
Q
Indicates the degree of unsaturation
A
IODINE NUMBER
13
Q
Other physical constants such as:
A
- Melting Point
- Specific Gravity
- Refractive Index
14
Q
Fixed oils and fats of vegetable origin are obtained by expression in
A
hydraulic presses
15
Q
if the expression is carried out in cold
A
Virgin oil or a cold- pressed oil
16
Q
if the expression is carried out in heat
A
Hot pressed oil
17
Q
True or false
Seeds contain the larger quantities of fats and oils than other plant parts.
A
True
18
Q
the glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids are liquid or solid?
A
liquid
19
Q
glycerides of saturated fatty acids of sufficient length are liquid or solid?
A
solid
20
Q
some of the more common fatty acids are:
A
CALAMYPASTAR
Caproic Caprylic Capric Lauric Myristic Palmitic Stearic Arachidic
21
Q
CLASSIFICATION OF FIXED OILS BASED ON ABILITY TO ABSORB OXYGEN FROM THE AIR
A
- Drying oils
- Semidrying oils
- Nondrying oils
22
Q
Produces semisolid fats that are extensively used as cooking fats and shortenings
A
HYDROGENATION OF THE OIL
23
Q
obtained by reacting sulfuric acid with the oil, keeping the temperature down by chilling
A
SULFATED OR SULFONATED OILS
24
Q
Fixed oil obtained by expression or extraction from the seed kernels of the coconut palm
A
COCONUT OIL
25
Scientific name of coconut oil
Cocos nucifera Linne
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Consist of a mixture of triacylglycerols in which 80 to 85% of the acids are saturated. Semisolid
at 20°C
COCONUT OIL
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major fatty acids
Lauric and myristic
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It is one of the world’s most widely consumed edible oils, next only to soybean oil
PALM OIL
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This oil consists of mixture of triacylglycerol whose component acids are almost equal proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
PALM OIL
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Obtained as a minor product during processing of oil palm fruit.
PALM KERNEL OIL
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Characterized as a hard oil and closely resembles coconut oil with which it is easily interchangeable
PALM KERNEL OIL
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Castor bean or castor oil seed is the ripe seed of
Ricinus communis
33
Castor seeds contain __ of fixed oil
45- 55%
34
True or false
RICIN is removed by extraction of the castor oil and do not remains in the oil cake
false
35
is a pale yellowish or almost colorless, transparent viscid liquid. It has a faint mild odor and bland characteristic taste
Castor oil
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castor oil exert __ effect
cathartic effect
37
Just read :)
USES and Dose - castor oil
o stimulant cathartic at 15- 60 ml
o used externally for emollient effect and a plasticizer in flexible collodion
o employed in the manufacture of soaps and as a lubricant for internal combustion engines
o Hydrogenated castor oil is used as stiffening agent in some pharmaceutic formulations
o Ricinoleic acid is an ingredient in a vaginal jelly for restoration and maintenance for vaginal acidity.
38
Olive oil is a fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of _.
Olea europea Linne
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obtained by gently pressing the peeled pulp with grater pressure
Virgin oil
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is pressed from crushed pulp with less pressure
First Class or First Grade of edible oil
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is pressed from crushed pulp with greater pressure
Second Grade of edible oil
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the pulp is extracted with Carbon Disulfide to obtain “Sulfur” Olive oil of inferior quality
Technical oil
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Olive oil is miscible wih __, ___, __, and slightly soluble in __
ether, carbon disulfide, and chloroform
alcohol
44
Just read :)
Olive oil uses
USES:
Classed as pharmaceutic aid
o Used as setting retardant for dental cements and in the preparation of soaps, plasters and liniments
o It is also a demulcent
o Emollient
o Laxative
o Used as nutrient and widely used as salad oil
45
Peanut is ripe fruit of __
Arachis hypogaea Linne
46
PEANUT OIL sometimes referred to
arachis oil
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closely resembles olive oil
peanut oil
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peanut oil principal use
food oil
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Peanut oil uses
Solvent for intramuscular injections
50
Is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Brassica campestris, B. juncea Czerniakowka & Cosson, and B. napus ( Fam. Brasicaceae)
RAPESEED OIL
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Oil obtained from these varieties of rapeseed oil is termed
canola oil
52
Is the ripe seed of Glycine soja
SOYBEAN
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Soybean present enzyme
Urease
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Soybean uses
food for diabetes and a general food for humans and livestock
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a refined, fixed oil obtained from the seeds of the soya plant. The oil is obtained by pressure seldom exceeds 10%
SOYBEAN OIL
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Ingredient in parenteral nutrients and is the source of LECITHIN and lipid fraction of soybeans yield STIGMASTEROL
SOYBEAN OIL
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The flour sifted from the decorticated, ground seed of Glycine soja deprived of fat
SOYBEAN MEAL
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Refined fixed oil, obtained from the seed of cultivated plants of various varieties of Gossypium hirsutum or of other species of Gossypium
COTTONSEED OIL
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is the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne’
SESAMUM SEED OR SESAME SEED
60
Used as poppy seeds on breads and rolls
SESAME OIL
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Is the refined, fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne
SESAME OIL
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SESAME OIL is also called
TEEL OIL or BENNE OIL
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pale yellow, oily liquid, almost odorless and bland tasting
SESAME OIL
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Sesame oil uses
solvent for intramuscular injections
| nutritive, laxative, demulcent, and emollient properties
65
contained in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil, is an effective synergist for pyrethrum insecticides
SESAMOLIN
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Sweet almond and bitter almond consist of the ripe seeds of the different varieties of Prunus amygdalus
ALMOND OIL
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Both bitter and sweet almonds are expressed for their fixed oil (45 to 50%)
ALMOND OIL
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true or false
| Both sweet and bitter almonds are extensively used as food
false. bitter not included
69
Is the fixed oil obtained by expression from the kernels of varieties of Prunus amygdalus
ALMOND OIL, EXPRESSED ALMOND OIL, OR SWEET ALMOND OIL
70
ALMOND OIL, EXPRESSED ALMOND OIL, OR SWEET ALMOND OIL uses
▪ Used as an emollient
| ▪ Used as an ingredient in cosmetics
71
Is the oil expressed from the kernel varieties of Prunus armeniaca Linne’ (Appricot Kernel Oil) or from the kernel varieties of P. persica (Peach Kernel Oil) (Fam. Rosaceae)
PERSIC OIL, APRICOT KERNEL OIL, OR PEACH KERNEL OIL
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prepared in the same manner as is expressed almond oil.
Persic oil
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Refined oil obtained from the embryo of the Zea mays (Fam. Poaceae)
CORN OIL
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uses of corn oil
- solvent for injections
- solvent for irradiated ergosterol
- used in salads and in the preparation of food
75
Is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Carthamus tinctorius Linne
SAFFLOWER OIL
76
SAFFLOWER OIL uses
high-calorie dietary supplement
77
Is fixed oil obtained from the seeds of cultivated varieties of Helianthus annuus Linne
Sunflower oil
78
The oil is used as an alternative to corn oil and safflower oil for culinary purposes
SUNFLOWER OIL
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Also called Flaxseed oil
LINSEED OIL
80
A fixed oil obtained from the dried, ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum Linne’ ( Fam. Linaceae)
LINSEED OIL
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It is a yellow liquid having a distinct odor and disagreeable taste. When exposed to air it
gradually thickens and darkens in color
LINSEED OIL
82
Partially destearinated fixed oil obtained from the fresh livers Gadus morrhua Linne’
COD LIVER OIL
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is a thin, oily liquid that has distinctive, slightly fishy but not rancid odor and a fishy taste
COD LIVER OIL
84
Medicinal grade cod liver oil must contain, not less than __ of vitamin D
255ug (85 units)
85
Cod oil sources of vitamin __?
Vitamin A and D
86
Cod oil other uses
Topical emollient
87
is an Iodine addition product of the Ethyl ester of the fatty acids of poppy seed oil.
Ethiodized oil
88
Ethiodized oil contain NLT __, NMT __ organically combined iodine
35.2%, 38.9%
89
The kernels are called __.
nibs
90
Theobroma oil
The red color of the seed is caused by a principle known
cacao-red
91
Also known as “breakfast cocoa”
CACAO SEEDS OR CACAO BEANS
92
Is the fat obtained from the roasted seed of T. cacao
THEOBROMA OIL OR COCOA BUTTER
93
THEOBROMA OIL OR COCOA BUTTER use
suppository base
94
Is refined, bleached, hydrogenated, and deodorized vegetable stearins and consists mainly of the triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids
HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL
95
HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL use
tablet lubricant
96
Is the purified, fat like substance from the wool of the sheep, Ovis aries Linne’ (Fam. Bovidae)
Lanolin
97
Lanolin contains between 25 to 30% of water and therefore is commonly called
hydrous wool fat
98
Lanolin chief constituents
cholesterol and isocholesterol
99
It contains not more than 0.25% of water. After lanolin, has been purified and bleached, it is dehydrated.
usually referred as wool fat
ANHYDROUS LANOLIN
100
ANHYDROUS LANOLIN uses
water absorbable ointment base
| STIFFENING AGENT – Sodium stearate
101
Are mixtures consisting of the esters of isopropyl alcohol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids
ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND ISOPROPYL PALMITATE
102
Obtained from edible fats and fixed oils
OLEIC ACID
103
Often obtained as a by product in the production of stearic acid
OLEIC ACID
104
* Is used as a pharmaceutical vehicle
| * Compared with fixed oil vehicle is less viscous and more rapidly absorbed by the body tissues
ETHYL OLEATE
105
* Emollient
| * Emulsifying agent
OLEYL ALCOHOL
106
* Polyunsaturated octadecenoic acids
| * Essential for human nutrition and the have been called vitamin E
LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS
107
* IS 10-UNDECENOIC ACID
* It is prepared by the pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil
* Has anti-fungal properties
UNDECYLENIC ACID
108
UNDECYLENIC ACID use
Often combined with undecylenate or other agents to treat athlete’s foot
109
Used in powder for diaper rash and similar skin irritations
Ca UNDECYLENATE
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* Sodium salt of the fatty acids of cod liver oil
| * Available as sterile solution
SODIUM MORRHUATE
111
SODIUM MORRHUATE use
sclerosing agent to obliterate varicose veins
