lipids

Question 1

all lipids are

Answer 1

hydrophobic

Question 2

kcals fat have

Answer 2

9 kcals/g

Question 3

cholestrol has no

Answer 3

kcals

Question 4

esterification

Answer 4

making bonds between fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

de-esterification

Answer 5

break down bonds between fatty acid and glycerol

Question 6

saturated

Answer 6

no double bonds

Question 7

monounsaturated

Answer 7

one double bond

Question 8

polyunsaturated

Answer 8

multiple double bonds

Question 9

only animal foods have

Answer 9

cholestrol

Question 10

saturated fats found in

Answer 10

plants
nuts and seeds
coconut

Question 11

unsaturated fats

Answer 11

omega 6s omega 3s MUFA

Question 12

digestive lipases in mouth

Answer 12

lingual lipase

Question 13

digestive lipase stomach

Answer 13

gastric lipase

Question 14

digestive lipase SI

Answer 14

pancreatic

Question 15

adipocyte lipases

Answer 15

ATGL - adipose triglyceride lipase
HSL - hormone sensitive lipase
MGL - monoglyceride lipase

Question 16

lipogenesis (esterification) happens in

Answer 16

adipocytes
muscle cells = IMTG
all fat is stored as energy

Question 17

fat depots

Answer 17

stored as triglycerides as adipocytes, muscle cells

Question 18

hormones that stimulate lipolysis

Answer 18

cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon

Question 19

what goes into chylomicron

Answer 19

cholestrol, triglycerides, ADEK

Question 20

lipoprotein

Answer 20

transport fat-soluble nutrients to tissues
-as it transfers more fat to tissues, the smaller it gets

Question 21

LPL

Answer 21

lipoprotein lipase - sit on vessel walls

Question 22

liver (chylomicron)

Answer 22

where the chylomicron is broken down and made into VLDL

Question 23

VLDL

Answer 23

lipoprotein that is made from smaller pieces of chylomicron that was broken down

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

smaller version of VLDL because it has less fat - the cells have been using LPL to take it
-made in the blood vessel

Question 25

HDL

Answer 25

good cholestrol

Question 26

FATP

Answer 26

cell surface transporters- get fatty acid into the muscle cell

Question 27

FABP

Answer 27

chaperone inside muscle cells to mitochondria

Question 28

CPT

Answer 28

transport fatty acids into the mitochondria

Question 29

cholestrol makes

Answer 29

hormones - estrogen, testosterone vitamin D through skin bile - made from liver cell membranes

Question 30

anabolism of membranes

Answer 30

convert FFA into phospholipids

Question 31

fat used during exercise

Answer 31

low intensity plasma FFA from blood IMTG

Question 32

catabolic hormones released at beginning of exercise

Answer 32

glucagon growth hormone

Question 33

growth hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates

Answer 33

lipolysis

Question 34

adipocyte lipases order

Answer 34

ATGL HSL MGL

Question 35

cellular transport of fatty acids to cell membrane

Answer 35

FATP

Question 36

mitochondrial membrane transport

Answer 36

CPT

Question 37

transport fatty acids in sacroplasm

Answer 37

FABP

Question 38

fate of fatty acids in muscle cell during exercise

Answer 38

FABP transport ACS activation of FA transport into mitochondrai -CPT B-ox krebs etc

Question 39

fat as a fuel MTTATO

Answer 39

mobilization - lipolysis - ATGL,HSL,MGL transport glycerol to liver - to gluconeogenesis transport to cell membrane - FATP, FABP activation - ACS, adding CoA to fatty acid transport into mito - CPTS into mito oixidation - bioenergetics

Question 40

fat max

Answer 40

point of exercise intensity at which you burn the most fat in absolute amounts

Question 41

ketosis

Answer 41

metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone levels in blood or urine

Question 42

ketogenesis

Answer 42

biochemcial process through which ketones are made via catabolism of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids

Question 43

ketoacidosis

Answer 43

excessive production of ketones leading to acidity of blood, ECF, and ICF

Question 44

prolonged fasting stimulates

Answer 44

lipolysis, beta ox and ketogenesis

Question 45

a keto diet is ___ diet

Answer 45

about 75% of daily intake is fat

Question 46

insulin is an anabolic hormone and promotes storage of

Answer 46

glycogen triglycerides muscle protein breakdown

Question 47

glucagon is catabolic hormone and stimulates

Answer 47

lipolysis which increases blood FFA and stimulates gluconeogenesis

Question 48

glycerol is a substrate for

Answer 48

gluconeogenesis

Question 49

presence of more fat from keto diet

Answer 49

higher use of mito pathways causes increase in NAD and ROS -low glycogen stimulates AMPK

Question 50

benefit of keto diet for athletes

Answer 50

more metabolic flexibility - spares glycogen - uses fat to meet energy demand rather than CHO

Question 51

disadvantages for athletes doing keto

Answer 51

you cant work out at high intensities

Question 52

PDH

Answer 52

enzyme that converts pryuvate to acetyl coa in mitochondria - acetyl coa inhibits PDH

Question 53

EFA recommendations

Answer 53

10: 1 ratio of 6s to 3s