quiz 4

Question 1

adaption

Answer 1

physiologic change to accomodate a stress

Question 2

resistance training overload

Answer 2

larger muscle = stronger muscles and stronger muscles = stronger bones

Question 3

endurance training overload

Answer 3

burn more fat in muscle, better O2 delievery from lungs to mitochondria

Question 3

principle of specificity

Answer 3

exercises must be specific to sport or training

Question 4

perturbation of homeostasis

Answer 4

adding stress will cause change

Question 4

removing the stress will cause

Answer 4

a reversal of change (use it or lose it)

Question 4

wolffs law

Answer 4

a muscle wil only be as strong as it needs to be

Question 4

muscle hypertrophy

Answer 4

muscle gets bigger and minimizes new stress

Question 4

what does unloading do unloading

Answer 4

inhibits mTOR and protein synthesis (atrophy)

Question 5

loading stimulates

Answer 5

MTOR and protein synthesis (atrophy)

Question 6

training to increase aerobic capacity =

Answer 6

increase in mito

Question 6

training to increase anaerobic capacity

Answer 6

PCr and glycolysis contine to increase mito

Question 7

training to increase strength/hypertrophy

Answer 7

increase accural of muscle protein

Question 8

strength and hypertrophy of muscle increase these proteins

Answer 8

actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin and titin

Question 9

increase of protein =

Answer 9

increase in stimulation of transcription and translation

Question 10

transcription starts in the

Answer 10

nucleus where the DNA is

Question 11

RNA polymerese in transcription

Answer 11

enzyme that unzips DNA and copies it

Question 12

translation takes mRNA

Answer 12

and transports it to the cytosol

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

copy of DNA

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

brings amino acids to be the work bench

Question 12

ribosome

Answer 12

work bench - protein synthesis

Question 13

protein

Answer 13

string of amino acids

Question 14

translation

Answer 14

brings mRNA from transcription and transports it into the cytosol and then tRNA and brings amino acids to ribosome to creates proteins

Question 15

an athlete becomes trained by

Answer 15

training stress stimulus –> which triggers mechanical loading and increase in NAD, AMP, CA
-Stress stimulates pathwys like mTOR, SIRT 1, AMPK, PGC-1o
-pathways increase transcription and translation which increases proteins
-if you accumalte enough protein = adaption

Question 16

AMP is low and atp is high at

Answer 16

rest

Question 17

high intensity =

Answer 17

AMP and ADP is high and ATP is low

Question 18

NAD increases more in

Answer 18

high intensity conditions

Question 19

ROS increase

Answer 19

nitric oxid and superoxide

Question 20

transcription

Answer 20

makes RNA in nucleus and transport mRNA in cytoplasm

Question 21

factors that trigger cascade

Answer 21

1. stretch and tension 2. Ca ions and presence 3. cellular energy status -AMP/ATP , NAD/NADH, ROS

Question 22

pathways use molecules to cause and effect

Answer 22

enzymes - mTOR, SIRT 1, AMPK transcription factors - PGC-1a

Question 23

mechanical loading is stimulated by

Answer 23

stretch and tension

Question 24

anabolic pathway cascade

Answer 24

muscle hypetrophy and mechanical loading

Question 25

catabolic pathway cascade

Answer 25

stress removal (muscle atrophy) and mechanical unloading and inhibiting T and T

Question 26

Ca trigger

Answer 26

CAMK, and PGC-1a and AMPK

Question 27

when PGC-1a is stimulated we see

Answer 27

mitochondrial biogenesis, and angiogenesis

Question 28

high intensity training

Answer 28

increase in AMP and ATP, AMPk and Pgc-1a and (NAD but not as big of a change)

Question 29

continous training long duration

Answer 29

decrease AMP but increase in NAD and NADH, SIRT-1 and PGc-1a

Question 30

ROS increases in what type of training

Answer 30

high intensity

Question 31

increase of mitochondria =

Answer 31

greater metabolic flexibilty

Question 32

leucine

Answer 32

BCAA and stimulates mTOR on its own

Question 33

low muscle glycogen (training low)

Answer 33

low glycogen stimulates AMPK, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, increase in metabolic flexibility

Question 34

supplemental antioxidants

Answer 34

neutralize ROS/ free radicals

Question 35

triggers for adaption and performance

Answer 35

1. training program- high, moderate, low 2. nutrition - balanced diet, supplementation, nutrient limiting

Question 36

protein timing

Answer 36

after workout

Question 37

anti-trigger

Answer 37

training low AMPK inhibits mTOR

Question 38

to minimize anti-trigger you need

Answer 38

high CHO availablity