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Lipids Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Lipids are ___ class of molecules

A

heterogeneous

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2
Q

Lipids are defined by their ___ ___ in water. This is due to ____ nature

A

low solubility, hydrophobic

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3
Q

Two roles of lipids in cells:

A
  1. functioning as energy stores
  2. components of biological membranes
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4
Q

Fats, oils, membrane lipids, some vitamins, and hormones are examples of ___

A

fats

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5
Q

Triacyclglycerols consist of __ ___ __ attached to a backbone of ___

A

three fatty acids, glycerol

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6
Q

Triacyclglycerols are three fatty acids attached to the ___ of ___

A

backbone, glycerol

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7
Q

Triacylglycerols consist of __ and ___ of animals and plants

A

fats and oils

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8
Q

Adipose tissue are also known as __ __

A

body fats

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9
Q

Adipose tissue is a storage site for _____

A

triacylglycerols

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10
Q

Adipose tissue yield ___ ____ ____

A

large amounts of energy

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11
Q

Adipose tissues yield large amount of energy and are the storage site for ____

A

triacylglycerols

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12
Q

Fatty acids are composed of long ___ ___ with a ____ ___ at the end

A

hydrocarbon chain, carboxyl group (-COOH)

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13
Q

A long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxy group (-COOH) make up a ___ ___

A

fatty acid

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14
Q

What are the two types of fatty acids?

A
  1. Saturated fats
  2. Unsaturated fats
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15
Q

What are saturated fats composed of?

A

C-C single bonds

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16
Q

C-C single bonds make up ____

A

saturated fats

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17
Q

What are unsaturated fats composed of?

A

1-4 C-C double bonds

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18
Q

1-4 C-C double bonds make up___

A

unsaturated fats

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19
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids?

A
  1. linoleic acid
  2. a-linoleic acid
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20
Q

a-Linolenic acid is an _____

A

w-3 fatty acid

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21
Q

A w-3 fatty acid is an ____

A

a-Linolenic acid

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22
Q

How many saturated fatty acids are in Lauric acid?

A

12

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23
Q

How many saturated fatty acids are in Myristic acid?

A

14

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24
Q

How many saturated fatty acids are in Palmitic acid?

A

16

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25
How many saturated fatty acids are in Stearic acid?
18
26
How many saturated fatty acids are in Arachidic acid?
20
27
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in Palmitoleic acid?
16
28
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in Oleic acid?
18
29
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in Linoleic acid?
18
30
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in a-Linolenic acid?
18
31
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in y-Linolenic acid?
18
32
How many unsaturated fatty acids are in Arachidonic acid?
20
33
Cis fatty acids
H on the same side
34
Trans fatty acids
H on opposite sides
35
How are triacylglycerols formed?
Linking of three fatty acids to glycerol
36
Hydroxyl formation
-O-OH
37
Carboxyl formation
O ll HO-C -
38
Formation of ester bond:
Hydroxyl + carboxyl (release H2O)
39
Fats come from ___
animals
40
Oils come from ___
plants
41
Simple triacylglycerol has ____
A triacylglycerol with three identical fatty acids
42
Mixed triacylglycerol has ____
A triacylglycerol with two or three different fatty acids
43
A triacylglycerol with three identical fatty acids is a _____
simple triacylglycerol
44
A triacylglycerol with two or three different fatty acids is a _____
mixed triacylglycerol
45
What are the 6 major types of lipids?
1. Triacylglycerols 2. Glycerophospholipids 3. Sphingolipids 4. Waxes 5. Terpenes 6. Steriods
46
How many fatty acids are in Triacylglycerols?
3
47
How many fatty acids are in Glycerophospholipids?
2
48
How many fatty acids are in Sphingolipids?
1
49
How many fatty acids are in waxes?
1
50
How many fatty acids are in Terpenes?
0
51
How many fatty acids are in steroids?
0
52
Glycerophospholipids have a ___ ___ linked to carbon atom 3 of the glycerol ____, instead of a fatty acid.
phosphate group, backbone
53
Phosphatidic acid is the __ ___ of the common _____
core molecule, glycerophospholipids
54
What is the function of glycerophospholipids?
Major lipid component of membranes. Form the bilayer structure of membranes
55
What is the core molecule of glycerophospholipids?
Phosphatidic acid
56
Phosphatidic acid is a variety of ___ that differ in the fatty acids attached to __ and __ of glycerol
lipids, C1, C2
57
Within phosphatidic acid, other chemical groups can be attached to the ___ __
phosphate group
58
How many carbons are in sphingosine?
18 carbon molcules
59
What do sphingosines do?
Form the backbone of these lipids instead of glycerol
60
How is a ceramide formed?
Formed by linking a fatty acid to the sphingosine
61
___ ___ are added to the ceramide to create a ceramide-based _____
additional groups, sphingolipid
62
What are examples of sphingolipids?
1. Sphingomyelins 2. Glycosphingolipids
63
Important in nerve tissue of higher animals
sphingomyelins
64
Membrane lipids involved in cell-cell recognition, tissue, and organ specificity
glycosphingolipids
65
Glycosphingolipids are important in ____
cell-to-cell recognition (in tissues and organs)
66
Sphingomyelins are important in ___
nervous tissues of higher animals
67
The linkage of sphingosine with a fatty acid produces a ___
ceramide
68
Spingosine + fatty acid =
ceramide
69
Long chain fatty acid carboxyl group (-COOH) + Long chain alcohol hydroxyl group (-OH) =
Waxes
70
How are waxes formed?
Linking a long chain fatty acid carboxyl group (-COOH) with a long chain alcohol hydroxyl group (-OH) =
71
___ give a water-repellant property to animal skin, plant leaves, bird feather, etc
waxes
72
Two examples of waxes
1. Lanolin 2. Carnauba wax
73
Lanolin is a component of __ __
wool wax
74
Carnauba wax is from __ ___ ___
palm tree fronds
75
Formed by combining two or more molecules of isoprene are ___
Terpenes
76
Terpenes are formed by combining two or more molecules of ___
isoprene
77
Are terpenes simple or mixed lipids?
simple lipids
78
Why are terpenes simple lipids?
They don't have fatty acids in their structures
79
____ are often part of more complex molecules
terpenes
80
What are 5 examples of terpenes?
1. Retinal 2. Vitamin E 3. Vitamin K 4. Coenzyme Q 5. Coumadin (anticoagulant)
81
Are terpenes hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophobic
82
The side chains of lipids that incorporate terpenes as part of their structure are made of _____
isoprene molecules
83
Steroids have structures based on the ___ ___.
steroid nucleus
84
Steroids are composed of 3 ___ ___ rings and 1 __ ___ ring.
6-membered, 5-membered
85
____ is the most common steroid in animals.
cholesterol
86
Cholesterol is the precursor for all other __ ___
animal steroids
87
Cholesterol functions as a principal component of __ __ __ membranes.
animal cell plasma
88
Cholesterol is also a component of ____ ___ in the blood and of ___ that form on arterial walls in atherosclerosis.
lipoprotein complexes, plaques
89
What are the 5 steroid hormones?
androgens, estrogens, progestins, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
90
Glucocorticoids are also known as ____
cortisol
91
Mineralocorticoids are also known as ___
aldosterone
92
What do glucocorticoids do?
Involved in the control of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism
93
What do mineralocorticoids do?
Regulate salt (K+, Na+, Cl-) balances in tissues
94
What are the two types of bile acids?
Cholic acid, deoxycholic acid
95
___ ___ act as biological detergents that assist in the absorption of dietary lipids in the intestines
Bile acids
96
1 5-membrane ring with 3 6-membrane rings are ??
steroids

BIOCHEM (16 decks)

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