Metabolism

Question 1

___ the biochemical reactions that occur in cells to maintain the living state.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Metabolism is the ___ ___ the occur in cells to maintain the living state.

Answer 2

biochemical reactions

Question 3

What are 3 actions of metabolic pathways?

Answer 3

break down nutrients
synthesize complex molecules
convert one molecule to another

Question 4

Catabolic pathways are ____

Answer 4

degradative

Question 5

Catabolic pathways break down __ ___ (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)

Answer 5

nutrient molecules

Question 6

Catabolic pathways break down nutrient molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) obtained from the __ or ___ ___ to generate ATP energy

Answer 6

diet, cellular reserves

Question 7

Catabolic pathways generate ___ ___

Answer 7

ATP energy

Question 8

Anabolic pathways are ____

Answer 8

biosynthetic

Question 9

Anabolic pathways synthesize varied and complex __ ___ from simpler precursors

Answer 9

biological molecules

Question 10

____ is breaking down nutrient molecules

Answer 10

catabolic pathways

Question 11

___ is synthesizing biological molecules

Answer 11

anabolic pathways

Question 12

Pathways are interconnected and create complex network of ___

Answer 12

reactions

Question 13

Metabolic pathways use a series of __ to take you from initial molecules to the final product

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

What part of ATP is important for energy storage and is high in energy (energy generation).

Answer 14

beta and gamma phosphate bonds

Question 15

Building block of RNA
Primary molecule the stores energy in cells

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

The adenine base in ATP is important in ___

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

Different living systems can be characterized by what three things?

Answer 17

1. sources of carbon
2. sources of energy
3. use of oxygen

Question 18

___ use CO2 as their sole source of carbon to synthesize other compounds

Answer 18

Autotrophs

Question 19

___ require an organic form of carbon such as glucose

Answer 19

Heterotrophs

Question 20

Plants are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

Answer 20

Autotrophs

Question 21

Animals/bacteria are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

Answer 21

Heterotrophs

Question 22

__ are photosynthetic and use light as their source energy

Answer 22

phototrophs

Question 23

Plants are classified as what in regard to source of energy?

Answer 23

phototrophs

Question 24

__ use organic/dietary sources of energy

Answer 24

chemotrophs

Question 25

animals are classified as what in regard to what source of energy?

Answer 25

chemotrophs

Question 26

___ use O2 in energy producing pathways

Answer 26

aerobes

Question 27

___ can exist without O2

Answer 27

aerobes

Question 28

The enzymes that make up metabolic pathways can be:

Answer 28

(a) physically separate soluble enzymes (b) cytoplasmic multi enzyme complexes (c) membrane-associated multi enzyme complexes

Question 29

enzyme (a) that makes up metabolic pathways:

Answer 29

physically separate soluble enzymes

Question 30

enzyme (b) that makes up metabolic pathways:

Answer 30

cytoplasmic multi enzyme complexes

Question 31

enzyme (c) that makes up metabolic pathways:

Answer 31

membrane-associated multi enzyme complexes

Question 32

enzyme (c) that makes up metabolic pathways are located on the ___ of the cell

Answer 32

edge of the outside

Question 33

What enzyme that makes up metabolic pathways is the most common?

Answer 33

(a) - physically separate soluble enzymes - slow to diffuse - float around

Question 34

What are the energy yielding nutrients in catabolic reactions?

Answer 34

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 35

What are the energy poor end products of catabolic reactions?

Answer 35

H2O, CO2, NH3

Question 36

What is the energetic, oxidative byproduct of catabolic reactions?

Answer 36

NADH

Question 37

____ involved in the catabolic reactions that generate ATP energy

Answer 37

NADH

Question 38

NADH is produced in the __ ___ and the citric acid cycle

Answer 38

glycolysis pathway

Question 39

What are the precursor molecules if anabolic reactions?

Answer 39

Amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, nitrogenous bases

Question 40

What are the cell macromolecules of anabolic reactions?

Answer 40

Proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 41

What is the endergonic, reductive insertion of anabolic reactions?

Answer 41

NADPH

Question 42

____ used in anabolic reactions that synthesize biological membranes.

Answer 42

NADPH

Question 43

NADPH is produced in the ___ ___ pathway

Answer 43

pentose phosphate

Question 44

What is the connection between the catabolic & anabolic pathways of metabolism?

Answer 44

Catabolism - (NADH) - ATP chemical energy - (NADPH) - anabolism

Question 45

Are catabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 45

exergonic

Question 46

Are anabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 46

endergonic

Question 47

___ pathways generate chemical energy in the form of ATP

Answer 47

exergonic

Question 48

___ pathways use chemical energy of ATP to form new covalent bonds

Answer 48

endergonic

Question 49

What is the most common enzyme pathway?

Answer 49

physically separate soluble enzymes

Question 50

What enzyme pathway is located in the cellular cytoplasm and involves diffusion and moving?

Answer 50

physically separate, soluble enzymes

Question 51

What enzyme pathway has the enzymes linked together in a quaternary structure, and the substrate is passed along the enzyme chain?

Answer 51

Cytoplasmic multienzymx complexes

Question 52

What enzyme pathway involves enzymes that are associated with the outer cell membrane?

Answer 52

membrane- associated multi enzyme complexes

Question 53

What are the two enzyme options of catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Answer 53

Different and shared

Question 54

What enzyme option is preferred for catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Answer 54

different (independent)

Question 55

The parallel pathways of catabolic and anabolic processes can either

Answer 55

- Independent (different) routes - shared enzyme

Question 56

__ is the stepwise degradation of glucose and other simple sugars to produce pyruvate

Answer 56

glycolysis

Question 57

What is the product of glycolysis?

Answer 57

pyruvate

Question 58

glycolysis is an __ process

Answer 58

anaerobic

Question 59

glycolysis provides the precursors for aerobic processes such as ___

Answer 59

TCA cycle

Question 60

glycolysis provides ___ by generating ATP when oxygen is limited

Answer 60

short term energy

Question 61

Where are glycolysis enzymes located?

Answer 61

In the cytosol of the cell

Question 62

What happens in the first phase of glycolysis?

Answer 62

5 enzymes catalyzed reactions allow glucose molecules to be broken down into 3 molecules of glyceralydehyde-3-phosphate

Question 63

What occurs in the second phase of glycolysis?

Answer 63

five reactions convert the molecules of glyceralydehyde-3-phosphate into 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 64

phase 1 of glycolysis consumes __ molecules of ATP

Answer 64

2

Question 65

phase 2 of glycolysis consumes __ molecules of ATP

Answer 65

4

Question 66

What is the net number of ATP molecules produced by glycolysis?

Answer 66

2

Question 67

Where are citric acid cycle enzymes located?

Answer 67

mitochondrial membrane

Question 68

How is ATP formed in plants?

Answer 68

photosynthesis or catabolic processes in animal cells

Question 69

___ and ___ are the fuels for the ATP cycle

Answer 69

NADH, FADH