lipids

Question 1

lipid

Answer 1

• organic compounds including fats and oils (ester called triglycerides)
• these consist of glycerol molecule bonded to 3 long chain carboxylic acids called fatty acids (formed through condensation reactions and non polar)
• fatty acids can be saturated (no double bonds) to unsaturated (double bonds: mono = 1, poly = more than 1
• oils contain more unsaturated fatty acids then fats
• fats are solid at room temp and oils are liquid

Question 2

saponification

Answer 2

• a triglyceride is hydrolysed with a strong based to form glycerol + fatty acid salts (reverse of condensation reaction)
• the salts dissociate to form carboxylate ions - soap molecule

Question 3

carboxylate ions

Answer 3

• made up of a long hydrophobic tail (non polar) and hydrophilic head (polar)
• the tails of the ion gather together and the heads face outwards towards the water - called micelle

Question 4

green chem

Answer 4

• the design of chemical processes and products that reduce or eliminate the use of generation of hazardous substances
• includes all parts of the chemical process: design, manufacture, use, disposal

Question 5

atom economy

Answer 5

• a measure of how many atoms in the reaction end up in the desired product
• high atom economy means few or no waste products (any product other than the desired product)

eq = molar mass of desired product/molar mass of all reactants x100