Lipids

Question 1

lipid functions

Answer 1

hormones
thermal insulation
fluidity
carriers
cell membrane
energy (long term)

Question 2

lipid chemical subtypes

Answer 2

fatty acids (tryglycerides)
glycerol (phospholipids)
sterols (steriods, cholesterol, etc)

Question 3

lipid elements

Answer 3

CHOP

9 cal per g

Question 4

triglycerides formation

Answer 4

3 fatty acids + glycerol to form a triglyceride and water in dehydraiton synthesis

form saturated/non saturated structures

Question 5

lactating women need…

Answer 5

7% of lipids in diet

Question 6

saturated fats

Answer 6

the 'bad' fats
animal sources 
solid at room temperature (max number of carb to hydrogen)
no double bond/straight structure
sources: butter, lard, meat, dairy

Question 7

risk of saturated fats

Answer 7

cause: hypertenstion, cancer, heart disease, hypercholesterol

Question 8

unsaturated fats

Answer 8

1+ double bonds
mono/poly unsaturated
melt at room temperature
are cis/bent
reduces risk of saturated fat consumption

Question 9

sources of unsaturated fats

Answer 9

olive oil, linseed, flaxseed, soy, nuts, avocados

Question 10

types of monounsaturated fats

Answer 10

oleic acid

Question 11

tyep of polyunsaturated fats

Answer 11

linoleic acid

linolenic acid

Question 12

linolenic acid acid

Answer 12

omega 3 high; prevents heart disease

in flaxseed/peanuts

Question 13

linoleic acid

Answer 13

omega 6

Question 14

what are the essential fatty acids

Answer 14

can’t be made by body; must be eaten
we need omega 3/6
reduced choelsterol
(linoleic/linolenic acd)

Question 15

good sources of essential fatty acids

Answer 15

cold water fishes (SMASH) and nuts

Question 16

cold water fishes

Answer 16

best ones are like free salmon; who have more fat (as colder) and good ratio of fat (due to excersize)

Question 17

trans fatty acids

Answer 17

horrible
converted unsaturated fats by hydrogenation 
man made
solid at room tempt/soluble 
double bonds= now straight

Question 18

trans fatty acids sources

Answer 18

margarine
crisco
veggie oil

Question 19

trans fatty acids/saturated fats cons

Answer 19

block arteries= cause atherosclerosis because double bonds dont bend well

Question 20

health saturated fat?

Answer 20

lauric acid= short chain as it raises HDL (cholesterol)

found in coconuts

Question 21

HDl to LDL

Answer 21

HDL/LDL= high/low density lipoprotein

measure of good vs bad cholesterol

Question 22

lipoprotein

Answer 22

soluble protein complex that transports cholesterol in liver to cells

Question 23

why is hdl good

Answer 23

hdl carries excess cholesterol back to liver to elminate it/break it down

Question 24

steriods

Answer 24

hormones: testotestrone, cortisol, estrogel, cholesterol

Question 25

what is cholesterol

Answer 25

a waxy substance procuded already in body found also in animal based products liber= produces more hcolesterol with unhealthy fat diet

Question 26

function of cholesterol

Answer 26

steroid flexiliby in membrance used to make other hormones/bile/vitamin b too much of it= creates blood clots

Question 27

risks factors for high cholesterol

Answer 27

age gender family health history

Question 28

causes of high cholesteorl

Answer 28

``` sedentary lfiestly high sat. fat over 40 yrs poor diaetes manageament smoking/alchol ```

Question 29

chlesterol fighting foods

Answer 29

``` olive oild fish/omega 3 oats fruits whole grain cereals beans/peas nuts ```

Question 30

omega 9 sources

Answer 30

monounsaturated fats like olive oil, avocados, peanuts

Question 31

omega 6 sources

Answer 31

corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oils

Question 32

healthy caloric intake of lipids

Answer 32

20-25 %

Question 33

phospholipids

Answer 33

form the phosopholipid bilayer in cell membrane | composed of a polar hydrophillic head (phosophate/glycerol) and non-polar hydrophobic tail (fatty acids)

Question 34

phospholipid example

Answer 34

lecithin

Question 35

phospholipid example sources

Answer 35

``` soybeans eggs milk cotton seed rapeseed/canola oild ```

Question 36

phospholipid properties

Answer 36

emulsifier (chocolate bar) dietary supplement low solubliity in water

Question 37

phospholipid pros

Answer 37

``` memory blood lipids reduces inflammation lowers ldl treats neurological disorder ```

Question 38

soybeans and phospholipids

Answer 38

soyproducts regulated by EU due to allergns

Question 39

smoke point

Answer 39

point at which an oil breaks down and produces harmful contexts

Question 40

acrlyamide

Answer 40

the brown bit of frying that causes cancer