Lipids I-V Flashcards
What are lipids?
Organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water.
What are some physiological functions of the body?
Storage and the cell membrane throughout all cells of body.
Protect vital organs and are also major source of energy.
Fats are ____ at room temperature?
Solid
Oils are _____ at room temperature.
Liquid
Name the major lipid classes.
Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols.
When you break down a lipid you are going to get?
Fatty acids
What are triglycerides?
3 fatty acids combined
They are found in adipose tissue and food
What are phospholipids?
2 fatty acids plus one phosphate group
These comprise cell membranes.
What are sterols?
They are cholesterol (ring shaped lipid).
What is the backbone of a triglyceride?
Glycerol
We break down the triglycerides in our food to?
- Glycerol
2. Fatty acids
What are fatty acids used for?
Energy and storage
What are typical foods that elevate triglycerides?
Saturated fats, trans fats and sweetened foods (cereals, flavored yogurts, etc.)
What foods contain saturated fats?
Saturated fats are solid at room temp. They include animal fats, lard, butter, shortening. Also fried foods, whole milk dairy products, cheese, cream cheese, high-fat meats.
True or False. Saturated fat is not burned rapidly when consumed with low or no carbs.
False. Saturated fat will be burned rapidly when consumed with low or no carbs.
What foods contain trans fats?
Hydrogenated fats found in margarine, vegetable shortening, fried foods, fast foods and most commercial snack foods.
What is the definition of chain length when referring to fatty acids?
The number of carbons in a fatty acid’s backbone.
Short-chain fatty acids contain how many carbons?
<8 carbons
Medium-chain fatty acids contain how many carbons?
8-12 carbons
Long-chain fatty acids contain how many carbons?
> 12 carbons
What does the length of a fatty acid do?
It affects chemical properties such as boiling and melting points, solubility, or how easily they can be used in the body.
Short chain fatty acids are __________, and are _____.
Easier to absorb; oils
Long chain fatty acids are _______, transport and use , and are _____.
Harder to absorb; fats
Name two characteristics of saturated fatty acids.
- Straight molecules
- Solid at room temp
(Crisco, coconut oil)