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liver Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is the Greek name for the liver

A

Hepar

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3
Q

Where is the liver located

A

Right upper abdomen

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4
Q

What type of gland is the liver

A

Both exocrine and endocrine

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5
Q

Name two major secretions or stores of the liver

A

Bile and glycogen

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6
Q

What proteins and lipids does the liver synthesize

A

Serum proteins and lipids

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7
Q

What does the liver detoxify

A

Endogenous and exogenous substances (toxins drugs and alchohol)

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8
Q

What does the liver produce during fetal life

A

Hemopoietic cells

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9
Q

Where does the liver lie relative to the diaphragm

A

Just below the diaphragm

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10
Q

Where does the liver extend up to on the right side

A

5th rib anteriorly

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11
Q

Where does the liver extend on the left

A

Left 5th intercostal space anteriorly

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12
Q

What is the upper border of the liver in the midline

A

Xiphisternal joint

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13
Q

What plane does the inferior border cross in the midline

A

Transpyloric plane (L1)

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14
Q

How much of the abdomen does the liver occupy in newborns

A

2/5th of abdomen

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15
Q

What is the shape of the liver

A

Wedge-shaped

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16
Q

What does the shape of the liver resemble

A

Four-sided pyramid on one side

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17
Q

What is the average weight of the liver in males

A

1.4 to 1.8 kg

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18
Q

What is the average weight of the liver in females

A

1.2 to 1.4 kg

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19
Q

What is the liver weight at birth

A

150 g

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20
Q

What is the proportional liver weight in adults

A

1/40th of body weight

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21
Q

What is the proportional liver weight in newborns

A

1/18th of body weight

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22
Q

What is the liver�s color

A

Red-brown

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23
Q

What surfaces does the liver present

A

Diaphragmatic and visceral

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24
Q

What border is well defined in the liver

A

Inferior border

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25
What is the diaphragmatic surface like
Convex and extensive
26
What direction does the diaphragmatic surface face
Upwards, forwards, right, backwards
27
What direction does the visceral surface face
Downwards, backwards, left
28
Where do diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces meet
At the inferior border
29
What is the rough bare area of the liver
Posterior diaphragmatic surface
30
Where is the IVC located in the liver
In sulcus on the bare area
31
What forms the tunnel of the IVC in the liver
Ligament of IVC
32
What peritoneal ligaments are attached to the liver
Coronary, right and left triangular, falciform
33
Name three features of the visceral surface
Fossa for gallbladder, fissure for ligamentum teres, porta hepatis
34
What separates the visceral surface from diaphragm
Posterior layer of coronary ligament
35
Which surface is covered by peritoneum except in some areas
Visceral surface
36
Where is the fissure for ligamentum teres
Visceral surface
37
Where is the porta hepatis
Visceral surface
38
Where is the fossa for the gallbladder
Visceral surface
39
What does the inferior border separate
Diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces
40
Where is the inferior border thin and sharp
Medially
41
Name the two notches of the inferior border
Ligamentum teres notch, cystic notch
42
Where is the cystic notch located
5 cm right of median plane
43
Where does inferior border extend in the epigastrium
Right 9th to left 8th costal cartilage
44
What plane does the inferior border lie in the median plane
Transpyloric plane
45
How are anatomical lobes divided
By falciform ligament on diaphragmatic surface
46
How many lobes are seen on visceral surface
Four
47
Name the four anatomical lobes
Right, left, quadrate, caudate
48
What forms an H-shaped figure on visceral surface
Fissures and fossae
49
What lies to the right of the gallbladder fossa
Right lobe
50
What lies between gallbladder fossa and ligamentum teres
Quadrate lobe
51
What lies between IVC and ligamentum venosum
Caudate lobe
52
What lies to the left of ligamentum teres and venosum
Left lobe
53
What defines functional lobes
Distribution of bile ducts, hepatic artery, portal vein
54
What divides the liver physiologically
Cantlie�s line
55
Where does Cantlie�s line pass
Fossa for gallbladder to IVC
56
Are physiological lobes equal in size
Yes
57
How is each true lobe supplied
By its own hepatic artery and portal vein
58
How is each true lobe drained
By its own hepatic duct
59
How many hepatic segments are there
Eight
60
What right physiological lobe divided into
Anterior and posterior parts
61
What divides left physiological lobe
Medial and lateral parts
62
What forms hepatic segments
Upper and lower parts of each division
63
Are hepatic veins intersegmental or intrasegmental
Intersegmental
64
What marks junction between medial and lateral left segments
Fissures for ligamentum teres and venosum
65
What segments do quadrate and caudate lobes form
Lower and upper medial segments
66
Why is caudate lobe a special segment
Supplied and drained by both sides
67
What is Couinaud�s segment I
Caudate lobe
68
What is Couinaud�s segment IV
Quadrate lobe
69
What supplies segments I�IV
Left hepatic artery and vein
70
What drains segments I�IV
Left hepatic duct
71
What supplies segments V�VIII
Right hepatic artery and vein
72
What drains segments V�VIII
Right hepatic duct
73
Can large parts of liver be removed
Yes, up to 80%
74
How long does liver take to regenerate
6�12 months
75
What part of liver is not covered by peritoneum
Bare area
76
What are the false ligaments of liver
Falciform, coronary, right and left triangular, lesser omentum
77
What is the falciform ligament
Sickle-shaped peritoneal fold
78
What does coronary ligament connect
Bare area to diaphragm
79
What ligament encloses apex of bare area
Right triangular ligament
80
What connects left lobe to diaphragm
Left triangular ligament
81
What is lesser omentum
Connects pylorus of stomach and duodenum to liver
82
What are the true ligaments
Ligamentum teres and venosum
83
What is ligamentum teres
Remnant of left umbilical vein
84
What is ligamentum venosum
Remnant of ductus venosus
85
What surface fits into diaphragm domes
Superior diaphragmatic surface
86
What causes cardiac impression
Central tendon of diaphragm
87
What ribs relate to right lateral surface
7th to 11th ribs
88
Where to insert biopsy needle
Midaxillary line, 9th�10th intercostal space
89
What does groove for IVC contain
Inferior vena cava
90
What does caudate lobe connect via caudate process
To rest of liver
91
What causes gastric impression
Anterior surface of stomach
92
What lies in floor of fissure for ligamentum teres
Ligamentum teres

Anatomy (14 decks)

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