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Pancreas Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas?

A

Exoendocrine gland

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2
Q

What does the exocrine part of pancreas secrete?

A

Pancreatic juice

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3
Q

What does the endocrine part of pancreas secrete?

A

Hormones like insulin

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4
Q

Why is the pancreas named as such?

A

Due to its fleshy appearance

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5
Q

What does pancreatic juice help digest?

A

Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

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6
Q

What do pancreatic hormones regulate?

A

Glucose homeostasis

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7
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Posterior abdominal wall in epigastric and left hypochondriac regions

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8
Q

Which vertebral levels does the pancreas extend across?

A

T12 to L3

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9
Q

Which ligament contains the tail of pancreas?

A

Lienorenal ligament

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10
Q

Why is the pancreas not accessible by physical examination?

A

It is deeply located and hidden by many organs

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11
Q

What is the length of the pancreas?

A

12�15 cm

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12
Q

What is the width of the pancreas?

A

3�4 cm

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13
Q

What is the thickness of the pancreas?

A

1.5�2 cm

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14
Q

What is the weight of the pancreas?

A

80�90 g

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15
Q

What shape is the pancreas?

A

J-shaped or retort-shaped

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16
Q

What does the bowl of the retort represent?

A

Head of the pancreas

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17
Q

What does the stem of the retort represent?

A

Neck, body, and tail of pancreas

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18
Q

How many parts is the pancreas divided into?

A

Four parts

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19
Q

Name the parts of pancreas

A

Head, neck, body, tail

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20
Q

Which process extends from the head of the pancreas?

A

Uncinate process

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21
Q

Where is the head of pancreas located?

A

In the concavity of the C-shaped duodenum

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22
Q

Which vertebra is the head of pancreas in front of?

A

L2

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23
Q

How many borders does the head of pancreas have?

A

Three borders

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24
Q

Name the borders of the head of pancreas

A

Superior, inferior, right lateral

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25
How many surfaces does the head of pancreas have?
Two surfaces
26
Name the surfaces of the head of pancreas
Anterior and posterior
27
What lies anterior to the uncinate process?
Superior mesenteric vessels
28
What lies posterior to the uncinate process?
Abdominal aorta
29
What lies on the superior border of head?
First part of duodenum and superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
30
What lies on the inferior border of head?
Third part of duodenum and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
31
What lies on the right lateral border of head?
Second part of duodenum and superior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades
32
What lies on the anterior surface of head from above down?
Gastroduodenal artery, transverse colon, root of transverse mesocolon, jejunum
33
What lies on the posterior surface of head?
IVC, left renal vein, bile duct, right crus of diaphragm
34
What clinical condition arises due to close relation of bile duct to head of pancreas?
Jaundice in pancreatitis or tumor
35
What is the neck of pancreas?
Slightly constricted part connecting head to body
36
How long is the neck of pancreas?
About 2.5 cm (1 inch)
37
What direction does the neck of pancreas go?
Forward, upward, and to the left
38
What lies on anterior surface of neck?
Pylorus
39
What lies on posterior surface of neck?
Commencement of portal vein
40
What lies on upper border of neck?
First part of duodenum
41
What lies on lower border of neck?
Root of transverse mesocolon
42
Which part of pancreas extends from neck to tail?
Body
43
How does the body of pancreas run?
To the left with slight upward and backward inclination
44
Where is the body of pancreas located in relation to spine?
In front of vertebral column at or below transpyloric plane
45
What shape is body of pancreas in cross-section?
Triangular
46
How many borders does the body of pancreas have?
Three
47
Name the borders of the body
Anterior, superior, inferior
48
How many surfaces does the body have?
Three
49
Name the surfaces of the body
Anterior, posterior, inferior
50
What is the tuber omentale?
Part of body that projects above lesser curvature of stomach
51
What attaches to anterior border of body?
Root of transverse mesocolon
52
What lies on superior border of body?
Coeliac artery, hepatic artery (right), splenic artery (left)
53
What lies on inferior border of body?
Superior mesenteric vessels
54
What lies on anterior surface of body?
Lesser sac and stomach
55
What lies on posterior surface of body?
Aorta, SMA origin, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, splenic vein
56
What lies on inferior surface of body?
Duodenojejunal flexure, coils of jejunum, left colic flexure
57
What ligament contains the tail of pancreas?
Lienorenal ligament
58
Which vessels lie with tail of pancreas?
Splenic vessels
59
Which part contains most islets of Langerhans?
Tail of pancreas
60
What are the relations of tail of pancreas?
Visceral surface of spleen between gastric and colic impressions
61
How many pancreatic ducts are usually present?
Two
62
What is the main pancreatic duct called?
Duct of Wirsung
63
Where does main pancreatic duct begin?
In the tail
64
Where does main pancreatic duct open?
Major duodenal papilla
65
What is the accessory pancreatic duct called?
Duct of Santorini
66
Where does accessory duct open?
Minor duodenal papilla
67
What percentage of cases have only one duct?
0.9
68
What percentage of cases have duct communication?
0.4
69
From which embryonic buds does the pancreas develop?
Ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds
70
What does ventral bud form?
Posterior head and uncinate process
71
What does dorsal bud form?
Anterior head, neck, body and tail
72
What is annular pancreas?
Pancreatic tissue encircles second part of duodenum
73
Where is accessory pancreatic tissue commonly found?
Duodenum
74
Main artery supplying pancreas?
Splenic artery
75
What are the named branches of splenic artery to pancreas?
Arteria pancreatica magna, arteria caudae pancreatica
76
What forms arterial arcades near pancreas head?
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
77
Main veins draining pancreas?
Portal, superior mesenteric, splenic veins
78
Main lymph nodes for pancreatic drainage?
Pancreaticosplenic nodes
79
What controls pancreatic secretion?
Parasympathetic nerves
80
What causes acute pancreatitis?
Duct obstruction, alcohol, viral infections(mumps), trauma

Anatomy (14 decks)

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