LIVER ENZYMES

Question 1

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is involved in the ________ and _______ of Amino Acids in the ______

Answer 1

synthesis (anabolism) , degradation (catabolism), liver

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is liver SPECIFIC

Answer 2

FALSE. It is NOT LIVER SPECIFIC

Question 3

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is widely distributed, highest activities in _____, _____, and _____

Answer 3

cardiac, liver, skeletal muscle

Question 4

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
2 isoenzymes

Answer 4

1. Cytoplasmic AST
2. .Mitochondrial AST

Question 5

predominant; has higher conc. in serum than the other AST; released in cell membrane damage

Answer 5

Cytoplasmic AST

Question 6

AST that is elevated in severe injury/ damage to cell

Answer 6

Mitochondrial AST

Question 7

After MI, AST levels begin to rise in ______, peak at _____, and return to normal in ______

Answer 7

6-8 hours, 24 hours, 5 days

Question 8

In the case of MI, is AST the fastest to rise? If not, what enzyme?

Answer 8

NO!!! Creatine Kinase and Troponins are faster than AST

Question 9

Uses malate dehydrogenase and monitors decrease in absorbance at 340 nm because NAD is oxidized (no end color)

Answer 9

KARMEN METHOD

Question 10

KARMEN METHOD primary enzyme

Answer 10

AST (serum)

Question 11

KARMEN METHOD in hemolyzed sample

Answer 11

falsely elevated

Question 12

KARMEN METHOD reference range

Answer 12

5–30 u/L

Question 13

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is also known as

Answer 13

Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

Question 14

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) is also known as

Answer 14

serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Question 15

Enzyme that is more liver specific; significant in assessing liver disorders

Answer 15

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Question 16

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
substrate

Answer 16

Alanine

Question 17

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) substrates and products

Answer 17

Substrates: aspartate & a-ketoglutarate
Products: glutamate & oxaloacetate

Question 18

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
substrates and product

Answer 18

Substrate: alanine & a-ketoglutarate
Product: glutamate & oxaloacetate

Question 19

Increased in hepatocellular disorders (hepatitis & cirrhosis)

Answer 19

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Question 20

Marker for Hepatic Disorders: Acute inflammatory conditions of the liver

Answer 20

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Question 21

Aside from ______, _____ is also useful in monitoring the course of hepatitis treatments
(_____ → + Treatment Response)

Answer 21

bilirubin, ALT
⬇ ALT

Question 22

ALT is also a more sensitive and specific screening test for patients with _______ and _________

Answer 22

post-transfusion hepatitis (Hepatitis C), occupational toxic exposure

Question 23

Differentiates the cause/ origin of hepatic disorder

Answer 23

De Ritis Ratio (Obsolete Method)

Question 24

When AST (numerator) is greater, the ratio is more than 1

Answer 24

Ratio > 1 → Non-viral Origin (Higher AST)

Question 25

When ALT (denominator) is greater, the ratio is less than 1

Answer 25

Ratio < 1 → Viral Origin (Higher ALT)

Question 26

LDH Primary enzyme

Answer 26

Alanine Aminotransferase

Question 27

LDH secondary enzyme

Answer 27

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Question 28

LDH reference range

Answer 28

6-37 u/L

Question 29

SGOT/ AST Major organ affected

Answer 29

Heart, Muscle, Liver

Question 30

SGOT/ AST substrate

Answer 30

Aspartic Alpha
Ketoglutaric Acid

Question 31

SGOT/ AST end products

Answer 31

Glutamic Acid +
Oxaloacetic Acid

Question 32

SGOT/ AST and SGPT/ ALT Color Developer

Answer 32

2,4 DNPH (Dinitrophenylhydrazine)

Question 33

SGOT/ AST and SGPT/ ALT Color Intensifier

Answer 33

0.4 N NaOH

Question 34

SGOT/ AST and SGPT/ ALT Colorimetric Methods

Answer 34

Reitman and Frankel (colored end product)

Question 35

SGPT/ ALT major organ affected

Answer 35

LIVER

Question 36

SGPT/ ALT substrate

Answer 36

Alanine Alpha
Ketoglutaric Acid

Question 37

SGPT/ ALT end products

Answer 37

Glutamic Acid +
Pyruvic Acid

Question 38

Conditions of Increased AST

Answer 38

–AMI
–Wolff-Parkinson White
Syndrome (involuntary
muscle contraction)
–Trichinosis (T. spiralis)
–Chronic Alcoholism
–Dermatomyositis
–Muscular dystrophy
–Acute pancreatitis

Question 39

Conditions of Increased AST & ALT
–Toxic Hepatitis (AST - ____; ALT - ______)
—Hepatic cancer (AST - ____ ALT - _____
–Reye’s Syndrome (____- more significant)
–Viral Hepatitis (____- more significant)

Answer 39

–Toxic Hepatitis (AST - chronic; ALT - acute)
—Hepatic cancer (AST - chronic; ALT - acute)
–Reye’s Syndrome (ALT - more significant)
–Viral Hepatitis (ALT - more significant)

Question 40

Conditions of Increased ALT

Answer 40

Acute Alcoholism

Question 41

Catalyze the transfer of the γ-glutamyl residue from γ-glutamyl peptides to amino acids, H20, etc

Answer 41

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)

Question 42

______is primarily derived from glutathione (common donor)

Answer 42

y-glutamyl

Question 43

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)
SUBSTRATES

Answer 43

Glutathione & Amino Acid

Question 44

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) PRODUCTS

Answer 44

Glutamyl-peptide & L-cysteinylglycine

Question 45

GGT is for diagnosis of __________ (bile duct, gallbladder, liver) & _________

Answer 45

hepatobiliary disorders, chronic alcoholism

Question 46

Marker for the detection of occult (hidden) alcoholism

Answer 46

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT)

Question 47

GGT is a sensitive marker for

Answer 47

ethanol intoxication

Question 48

The absorbance of p-Nitroaniline (colored end-product) is measured at 405-420 nm

Answer 48

SZAS ASSAY